Social and cultural portrait of the region in the context of changes during 2008 - 2010

Автор: Shabunova Aleksandra Anatolyevna

Журнал: Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast @volnc-esc-en

Статья в выпуске: 1 (19) т.5, 2012 года.

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The article considers the social and cultural transformation of the region, which appeared in the crisis period of 2008 - 2010. The study based on data of empirical analysis shows the changes in social well-being and social structure, value motivations of the region inhabitants. It identifies positive and negative aspects of social and cultural shifts in the regional development during the global financial crisis.

Impact of the crisis, social and cultural changes, social well-being, stratification of the population, basic values

Короткий адрес: https://sciup.org/147223327

IDR: 147223327

Текст научной статьи Social and cultural portrait of the region in the context of changes during 2008 - 2010

The nature and direction of modernization of the country is largely determined by social and cultural potential of the population. Culture, as the social aspect of people’s lives, is reflected in their value orientations, types and forms of organization of life, as well as created material and spiritual values, in particular technological improvements.

The problem of overcoming the crisis in the modern Russian society, conditioned by both financial and economic crisis of 2008 – 2010 and expressed in the innovation stagnation and signified by moral decline, provoked by the dominance of products of mass culture, is the subject of intense debates in the light of Russia’s willingness and its regions to upgrade updates the social and cultural approach to the analysis of regional community [4].

The basis of social and cultural study of the region is the program of N.I. Lapin and L.A. Belyaeva “Social and cultural portrait of the Russian region” [5]. It includes standard tools and, in particular, the method of calculation of common indicators, measuring scale, providing a comprehensive, problem and analytical nature, presentation, and compatibility of the data. Studies on this method are conducted since 2005 in 25 regions of the country.

Social and cultural study of the Vologda Oblast has been carried out in 2008 – before the global financial crisis [11, 14]. Beginning with the second wave of the survey in 2010, the study came into the monitoring mode1.

The modern crisis has clearly demonstrated that monostructural nature of the economy and its export-oriented growth are fraught with great risks. And because of the predominance of metallurgical production, strong integration into the global economy the Vologda Oblast was among the territories hardest hit during the recession. Gross regional product (GRP), reflecting the economic potential of the region, for the first time in recent years has declined. In 2008, still maintained a positive trend of GRP, as the impact of the crisis became apparent only at the end of the year. However, in 2009, the economic growth fell sharply (by 14%, table 1 ).

In November 2008, due to lower external demand and prices for steel products industrial production decreased by 44% (peak month of the recession), as a whole in 2008 – by 5%, in 2009 – 12%. The number of unemployed registered population in State Employment Service in 2009 amounted to 24.6 thousand people, which is 2 times higher than in 2008. The decline in production, employment led to falling living standards.

The government of the Russian Federation in connection with a reduction in government revenue (in 2009 – by 34%, in 2010 – 28%) attributed the Vologda Oblast among 17 most crisis regions. The oblast which was since the second half of the 1990-ies the donor, in 2011 became subsidized [9].

By the beginning of 2010 due to improved market conditions in the global market, with the adoption by the regional government of anti-crisis measures (optimization of budgetary expenditures, food security, employment promotion, preservation and support of major investment projects, and others [3]) it was out of the crisis, which resulted in the growth of major social and economic indicators.

One of the complex indicators that are sensitive to changes in social and economic development is human potential development index (HPDI). According to the method of calculation developed by the UNO under the “Development Program”, [8] HPDI consists of three equally important components: income, determined by gross domestic product per capita (gross regional product) at purchasing power parity (PPP) in US dollars; education defined by literacy rates (with a weight of 2/3) and the proportion of students among children and youth aged 7 to 24 years (with a weight of 1/3); longevity determined by life expectancy at birth (life expectancy). This is one of the basic social and cultural indices that determine the possibilities for realizing the potential of the country and region.

In the Vologda Oblast, as in other parts of the country since 2000, there was the steady growth of HPDI (tab. 2) . In 2006, HPDI in the region reached the threshold, which according to international standards refers to the high level, i.e. mark 800. In Russia as a whole, this threshold was crossed again in 2006, however, the Vologda Oblast lags behind the level of HPDI of the Russian Federation (the pre-crisis level – 0.814 and 0.825 respectively).

The global financial crisis has significantly slowed the growth of HPDI in the country, in the Vologda Oblast has been a significant decline of the index (from 0.814 to 0.802).

Table 1. Indices of main social and economic indicators of the Vologda Oblast (% to the previous period)

The main social and economic indicators	2007	2008	2009	2010	2010 to 2007
Gross Regional Product*	105.1	96.7	86.0		87.4
Industrial production	104.8	94.7	87.6	110.7	96.2
Export of goods (to January – November of the previous period)	120.5	161.9	45.0	131.0	115.0
Producer prices of industrial goods (manufacturing)	106.2	105.3	95.7	131.0	140.2
Net financial result of the organizations (to January – November of the previous period)	132.4	150.6	24.1	126.7	46.7
Investments in fixed capital*	103.8	85.9	71.1	96.9	61.4
The total number of unemployed, average for the year	76.1	143.0	137.0	80.1	119.4
Real disposable income (to January – November of the previous period)	109.8	98.2	88.7	107.4	102.7
Average monthly real wages	110.8	108.3	92.9	111.4	124.2
The actual size of fixed monthly pension*, end of year	114.9	108.2	126.4	111.9	175.8
Consumer prices for goods and services	112.7	114.3	107.2	109.2	150.8
The retail trade turnover*	118.0	108.5	89.4	110.9	126.9
The turnover of catering*	109.6	106.6	73.9	105.1	90.7
Paid public services*	103.5	102.3	95.7	97.9	99.2
* In comparable prices Sources: Statistical Yearbook of the Vologda Oblast. 2009: stat. book / Vologdastat. Vologda, 2010; Social and economic situation of the Vologda Oblast in 2010: report. Vologdastat. Vologda, 2011.

Table 2. HPDI and its components: the population of the Russian Federation and the Vologda Oblast, 1990 – 2009

Territory	Year	GRP in dollars, PPP	Life expectancy, years	Share of students at the age of 7 – 24 years	HPDI	Rating in the world / in the RF
Russian Federation (in 1990 – the USSR)	1990	4905	70.6	No data	0.873	33
	1996	4230	65.9	69.1	0.780	71
	1998	6508	67.0	71.4	0.766	62
	2000	6747	65.3	75.0	0.763	60
	2005	11861	65.3	73.4	0.792	67
	2008	16092	67.9	75.0	0.825	65
	2009	14930	68.7	75.0	0.826	No data
The Vologda Oblast	1996	4302	65.4	70.2	0.782	22
	1998	7422	66.7	69.0	0.769	19
	2000	8460	65.9	71.9	0.775	7
	2005	15762	63.1	71.5	0.792	11
	2008	16096	66.9	71.2	0.814	16
	2009	12401	67.3	71.2	0.802	No data

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