Social medicine as one of the health conditions of the society

The current economic situation in the country, including government measures for the reduction ( restructuring) costs of budget contributed to the increase of the role of the administrative apparatus of the state in the management of all spheres of society, including medical.

As we can see, the emerging economic difficulties help to reduce the level of financial well-being of the citizens of our state, which in turn leads to a reduction in capacity of members of society in the medical field. In these circumstances, in our opinion, the increased social role of medicine as an institution in the system of state social policy, which has taken on responsibility for maintaining the health of the nation.

In accordance with the actions of state bodies, it is possible to observe that the processes of reforming the social sphere had not been reduced, the planned "events" continue to occur, that is, the state in spite of the difficult economic situation does not refuse from the assumed social obligations. However, in these conditions, when you specify only names the "activities" without revealing its structure, it is possible that the process of modernization can go on a "reduced cost option" and laid down the goals will be achieved in full. It relates primarily to social medicine, as the Institute is "hidden", the consequences of its operation can not be reflected in distinct indicators. Its performance is evaluated only by indirect characteristics. In particular, it is impossible estimate the increase in the overall indicator of the health of a particular society, to spontaneously limited territorial indicators, without taking into account the various external and internal factors. Thus, to analyze the impact of social medicine it is necessary to spend a certain amount of research on disentangling the causal relations between the socio-medical component and the factor of improvement of the population. In this regard, we believe that we need more active development of the discourse and the integration of different perspectives, methods and insights in the study of social medicine. It is impossible to disagree with many scientists and sociologists that the solution to most problems in modern society is possible only with the full analysis of their features, compile solutions [3].

The situation has again brought to the fore questions of social medicine as one of the main guarantees for ensuring decent social level of life of citizens, which led to the emergence of urgent need to consider ways of stimulating creative integration in the field of social medicine.

It is known that the close relationship between social conditions existing in the state and health of the population, clearly reflected by the figures of philosophy, science, hygiene, medicine and law for many centuries. But, however, sociology in the Russian medicine has acquired a new level of development in recent years. There was a lot of issues that are involved as a whole group of researchers, and individual sociologists. Over the last historical period in the development of the social aspect in all areas of life of modern Russian man was so progressive and intense, that social medicine as mentioned above, has become one of the priorities in the development of our society [2].

It should be noted that social medicine cannot replace "classic" medical support of the individual society, but it is able to assist in the determination of the conditions, causes, preconditions of occurrence of a disease, to "predict" a certain part of the picture of its development and to assist in minimizing the risk of relapse or complications. Development of algorithm for application of social medicine for rendering first aid and after medical will promote the formation of stable practices to minimize risks in the field of social security "health of society".

Contemporary sociological critique of the biomedical explanations of the origin of diseases is embodied in the policy recommendations of health beyond the provision of health services and deciding important social determinants of health [1].

Despite the large differences between sociologists in the choice approach to theory, method and terms of conducting of researches, many scientists share the view that social medicine makes it possible to correct many of the formulations and perspectives of existing biomedical concepts [5].

For example, P. I. Kalyu in "the Essential characteristic of the concept of "health" and some restructuring of health care: an overview" examined 79 definition of health, formulated in different countries, at different times and the representatives of various scientific disciplines. Among the definitions are the following [4]:

• -    health - normal function of the body at all levels of its organization, the normal course of biological processes that contribute to individual survival and reproduction;

• -    dynamic balance of the body and its functions with the environment;

• -    participation in social activities and socially useful work, the ability to fully perform basic social functions;

• -    the absence of disease, disease conditions and changes;

• -    the body's ability to adapt to the constantly changing conditions of external environment.

According to the works of P.I. Kalyu, all of the possible health characteristics can be reduced to the following concepts [4]:

• -    the medical model for definitions containing medical signs and characteristics; health as absence of diseases and their symptoms;

• -    biomedical model - the absence of subjective feelings of illness and organic disorders;

• -    biosocial model under consideration are included in the unity of medical and social indications, the priority is given to social grounds;

• -    value-social model - health as the value of a person.

However, in the context of development of sociology began to actively use multiple structures and techniques for exploring a wide range of social phenomena, but virtually disappeared a creative integration of theory and method. It is much easier for the individual scientist to use one particular theoretical framework or to rely solely on a single, now familiar, method of investigation, than to introduce something new.

However, it is necessary to evaluate different points of view and methods of research in medical sociology and not to ignore the results obtained are not in a traditional way or using methods that we reject in their practice. Thus, we can explain in more depth the results of their research, weigh the consequences obtained using other methods, radically different from our own, to determine the level of confidence in either of the two interpretations. That is, if groups of scientists have different perceptions of the legitimacy of a particular subject and research questions, it will be set and clear only through serious discourse among colleagues who share at least some basic General knowledge about the discipline.

List of used feature

• 1.    Barker, R. The social work Dictionary, R. Barker / Lane. from English. M., 2013. - 645 p.

• 2.    Vengrov, I. V. Sigerist Henry Ernst./ I. V. Vengerova // the Great Soviet encyclopedia[Electronic resource].Mode of access: air://is.access.t/is.п8І7Ь8е/132093/Sigerist (accessed: 12.04.2016).

• 3.    Zubkov, V. I. Risk as an object of sociological analysis) / V. I. Zubkov // Sotsis. - 20144. - No. 4. - P. 3 - 9.

• 4.    Kalyu, P.A. The Sociology of politics: a comparative analysis of Russian and American political realities / P.A. Kalyu, S. A. Kravchenko, E. D. Lozansky. -Moscow: Exam, 2011. - 607 p.

• 5.    Manakov L. G., Serov A. A., Mkhoyan, A. S. Analysis of disability and premature deaths while respiratory diseases / L. G. Manakov, L. V. Mkhoyan, A. Serov // Herald of PFUR, series "Medicine". - 2013. - №7. - S. 425 - 428.

"Экономика и социум" №6(25) 2016