Social well-being of the population of the mono-specialized city

One of the key performance indicators of the social development of the area and the quality of life of people living there is the social well-being of the population. Well-being in terms of the science of psychology is more focused on the interpretation of the concept of "personal health". Well-being can be defined as a kind of the general characteristic inner feeling comfortable psychological and physical health of the individual. Well-being is subjective and depends on the exposure time, external and internal factors. Being - is the process of understanding their feelings, including mood, so in other words, we can say that health is conscious mood.

Social well-being is different from the physical well-being that is relatively long and stable state, against the background of which runs during the specific period, and sometimes the life of one or more generations.

Sociological aspect of the social well-being is a complex of an individual satisfaction with their health, sociological status, financial situation, implementation of other business legal protection, family welfare, communication links, as well as the social-economic and political situation in the city, region and country whole. According to the opinions of the scientists A.A Dregalo and V.I. Ulyanovsk, named an important indicator of the population is the peace of mind it is the social well-being, which is defined as the value and emotional relationship to their social status and level of satisfaction of their needs and interests [1, c. 488].

Social well-being belongs to the scientific category, which requires a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach to the study. The theoretical basis for the study of issues related to the social well-being, more accumulated in the psychology than in sociology, where this concept is still not clear.

In national science, there are two main approaches in the study of the phenomenon of social wellbeing of the population and its interpretation. The essence of the first approach is to determine the social well-being as an integral subjective indicator for measuring the perception of well-being, which is measured by the satisfaction / dissatisfaction with the life situation and its individual characteristics. Adherence to this theory can be seen in the works of EN Golovakh, AP Gorbachik, N.V Panina, where social well-being is considered as attitudinal relation of man to the system of social relations and their role in this system [2, p . 45-47]. This approach is justified provision that social well-being is determined by the degree of satisfaction of their social needs. The second approach is presented in the studies L.E. Petrova [3, 2000], J.T.Toshchenko and S. V. Kharchenko, where social well-being is considered as the initial building block of the social mood [4, 1996].

Indicator of the social well-being in the context of this approach is the need of the individual for self-preservation itself as a social object, as well as assessment of the extent and level of prosperity surrounding microenvironment.

Researcher L. Kulikov identified as an indicator of social well-being overall life satisfaction, reflected in the evaluation of individual well-being [5, 2000]. Under this theory, we can identify five types of wellbeing:

• 1)    Psychological well-being - a sense of unity, peace and calm. This condition occurs when there is no contradiction in the subjective view of the world of the individual, appropriate perception of circumstances;

• 2)    Physical (bodily, somatic) welfare - Addressing the need for bodily comfort, physical well-being;

• 3)    Social well-being – is the individual satisfaction with their social status and the current state of the society, satisfaction with interpersonal communication in micro social environment;

• 4)    Spiritual well-being – is awareness and experience of the meaning of life, the possibility of initiation to the spiritual riches of the culture, the presence of faith, the possibility of free expression;

• 5)    Material well-being – is the satisfaction of the material side of life (housing, food, recreation, etc.), financial stability.

Satisfaction with various aspects of life depends on the level of claims, respectively, higher claims, the lower the level of satisfaction, and it is related to the value orientations and life strategies of man. Value orientations cause individual's attitude to the changes and depend on its life strategies. The concept of "life strategy" can be defined as the ability to self-build their lives, her conscious regulation according to individual life priorities. Scientific studies OA Khasbulatov and LS Egorova identified three types of life strategies: a survival strategy, development strategy and paternalist strategy [6, 2002]. Survival strategy focused primarily on their own resources, by any means provide for themselves and their families. Development strategy requires this type of behavior and design of life in which there is rejection of dependency, selfreliance in achieving the goal, motivation for success, focus on self-development and self-actualization. Depending on the life strategies of man constructs his future. An important element of social well-being here will be the social expectations, which includes the expectation of the future development of the country, region, city, and the idea of his own life.

In his research about the questions of the changes in the social well-being of Russians for 19941998 G. Voronin highlighted two unobservable manifestations of the social well-being: the level of satisfaction with life and character of world view, which can be attributed to his performance, and ten external manifestations of the social well-being, which can be attributed to it. The [6, 2001]. Indicators of the social well-being - it is a subjective assessment of their position in the social, economic, legal, family, and personal aspects of life.

By studying the social well-being, it is important to consider that the psychological and social wellbeing is a fundamental phenomenon in this equally, with important methodological and theoretical load is carried by the concept of "mood." The concepts of "health" and "spirit" have genetic differences. Under well-being, we understand as the subjective sense of the psychological and physiological comfort of the internal state of the individual. Mood – is the general emotional state over time stains mental processes and behavior. Humor can be defined as the rapidly changing human condition that occurs in response to external objects.

Social mood as a socio-psychological education is, above all, the result of spiritual and practical understanding of the world, which is formed in the process of understanding of reality that affects this reality and is an important characteristic of social consciousness.

Социальное настроение связано с оценкой общества и оценкой себя в обществе. Social mood connects with the assessment and evaluation of the community in the society. Assessment themselves in society is shown through evaluation of their social status, wealth, quality of life, education and cultural development, as well as self-esteem, which arises as a result of assessments of their own life experience, their success or failure.

Based on the typology of social mood, which was proposed by A.V. Petrovsky and M.G. Yaroshev-sky, different kinds of social mood (political, ethnic, religious) can be related to different aspects of the life: political, economic, cultural, [7, p. 56]. Depending on the subject can be identified individually configured, when the bearer is an individual, and as a popular trend and the mood of different layers, groups, nations, social institutions.

Social well-being is determined by the situation in the country, the region, and in the process of socio-economic sphere and the features of the permanent place of living. Mono-specialized city - is a special type of community that is characterized by the unity of the city and the local industry, as well as monocentric nature of the economy.

Viability of urban society mainstays determined not only the actual level of well-being, but also the perception of the existence of conditions specific to this type of settlement.

There are two key indicators that affect the social well-being, external and internal. The external indicators include socio-economic, climatic, political, environmental, which don’t depend on the individuality of the respondent; to the inside - the individual characteristics of the respondent, such as social status, place of residence, age and gender characteristics, psychological factors, which are the unconscious determinants of the respondent's behavior.

The differences of opinions of the respondents, which raised from the interaction of these two indicators that structure the perception of socio-economic situation of different groups of respondents and to identify the most significant problems of social development of mono-specialized City and recommended solutions. In the study of social mood and well being of the population mainstays to identify the key characteristics and indicators of this phenomenon. For indicators of social well-being treated as proper indicators, as well as more abstract in content indicators of mood and feeling. As part of the survey can be used an unlimited number of different indicators to measure the subject. To study the social well-being of the population of single-industry towns can use the following features and indicators (Table 1).

Table 1

Characteristics and indicators of the social mood of the population of the mono – specialized city

Thus, we can conclude that the concept of "health" and "mood" for all their similarities have the significant differences. Mood, as a kind of the psychological background basic human activity, may be conscious and unconscious. Well - being, as a rule, is the awareness of the feelings of the individual, including mood. In studying the phenomena of "social well-being" and "social mood" should allocate their main characteristics and relevant indicators. The principal characteristics are the structural elements of mood and feeling. In this case, indicators of social mood and social well-being can match. However, given that some of the characteristics of social mood may be unconscious, they cannot be the building blocks of social wellbeing.

The specificity studies of the social well-being in mono –specialized city, primarily associated with the features of this type of settlement, which are manifested in the form of isolation from large cities, onesided development of economic orientation, depending on the local industry and a sharp decline in living standards as a result of socio-economic degradation of vital areas.