Socially-demographic parallel of modernization: the kingdom of Spain - Russia

Introduction. The scientific article shows the similarity of duration and social features of the demographic transition in the Russian Federation and the Kingdom of Spain, the particularities of development (synchronous demographic modernization) of the stages of modernization, the transition from exogenous (external) to endogenous (internal) structure of mortality, the literacy rate of the country’s population (average number of years spent on training) and the expected duration of training, which is one of the indicators of the human development index. Methods. The scientific article used a historical-comparative approach, which allowed identifying the general and the particular in the demographic development of Spain and Russia. Results and conclusions. Of particular importance is the medical and cultural dialogue (introducing into practice what our neighbors do not have): changes in attitudes toward their own health and the health of their children, innovative changes in the field of medical care. Government payments for cultural and health tourism are becoming increasingly important, especially for the elderly (typical of Western countries with the highest human development index, one of the main criteria of which is the level of education of the population). In countries (the Kingdom of Spain, the Russian Federation) that have a similar but longer model of a demographic transition compared with France, Scandinavian countries (French type of demographic transition) and Great Britain, many other Western countries, the process of demographic transition experienced the influence of crisis factors. Adopting everything that was achieved by the neighbors, the pace of modernization at the first stage accelerated, which is typical of the Kingdom of Spain and the Russian Federation. Accordingly, we single out the civilizational aspect of the modernization process.