Somatic typing as an approach to the individualization of health care support at the stages of education and professional self-identity (literature review)

The present review is devoted to the origin, formation and distribution of somatotypes in various human populations. The total impact of various environmental and social factors on individual reactions depends strongly on human somatotype which ensures the realization of its individual biological program. Traditional anatomic and functional criteria of somatotype are analyzed by the author in the present article. The prevalence of some somatotypes has certain influence on the socialization and development of various diseases affecting human population. Accordingly, the problem of relationships between various constitutions and predispositions to certain diseases is urgent, and at the same time, it is only a part of a more serious problem of correlations between structural features of functional organization including the functional state and behavior of a person. The analyzed relationships between physiological, psychological, and anthropometric characteristics confirm both the consistency of the individual homeostasis organization, and inevitability of genetically determined structural and functional features of human population. Understanding these laws makes it possible to identify the mechanisms of adaptation of the human body in the process of growth and development in terms of changes in the environment. The constitutional typology has important diagnostic and prognostic value. The variety of approaches offered by various experts generates a set of estimates and definitions. The types of relationship of constitution and predisposition to certain diseases is only part of the more general problem of correlation between morphological and physiological features of the organization, functional condition and human behavior.