Some features of the institutional sphere in the formation of business services in the Republic of Tajikistan

In the context of the implementation of the fourth strategic goal of the country's economic development - accelerated industrialization of increasing the role and importance of the service sector depends on the institutional foundations of the formation and development of the business services market. First of all, the further development trend of the business services market in the country depends on the quality of the legislative framework regulating production and other relations in this direction [1-38]. The institutional basis for the formation and development of the business services market in the Republic of Tajikistan is built on three levels - the national level, the sectoral level and the enterprise level. Regulatory legal acts adopted in the country at the national level, in turn, are divided into two groups.

• 1.    Regulatory legal acts regulating all sectors of business services;

• 2.    Regulatory legal acts regulating production and other relations within certain industries or sub-sectors of business services.

Important elements of the institutional foundations of the business services market in the Republic of Tajikistan are the institutions of financial support for the business services market in the Republic of Tajikistan. The main sources of financing for the development of business services in the Republic of Tajikistan are the enterprises' own financial resources, the State fund for entrepreneurship support in the Republic of Tajikistan and funds allocated from the country's budget for the development of innovations in the field of research and development.

The active development of the business services market at the beginning of the 21st century is due to the influence of a number of factors, the most important of which are the increase in demand for services of industries, the deepening of industrialization and division of labor in developed countries, during which business services have become independent industries, business trends, which include the expansion of the scope of industrial enterprises, the development of information technology technologies, including integration of computer and telecommunication technologies, as well as intensive use of computer equipment and the Internet [3945]. Business services are those types of services that are provided by specialized firms and enterprises to meet the needs of other firms or organizations. The concept of business services covers such intangible activities that are directly provided by enterprises, firms and other organizations engaged in commercial or industrial activities.

According to the definition of Martin H. business services include the types of services that one firm provides to another firm to support its activities [25]. These include professional services such as management consulting, accounting and legal services, technical services such as design services, engineering and architectural services, as well as services to support the operation of enterprises, which include office rental services, labor recruitment and employment, security services and security services industrial cleaning and cleaning of premises. The business services market is a specific socio-economic system of the market economy, which reflects the indirect process of meeting the needs of economic entities in services that contribute to improving the efficiency of their activities and strengthening competitive positions. Business services are mainly provided by companies, firms, government agencies and other industrial organizations. Therefore, if we consider from the point of view of their purpose, business services, first of all, satisfy production needs in the process of manufacturing final products. Although some business service providers, such as notary services or architectural service providers offer certain of their services to end users or the public. Business services are often performed interactively with the participation of clients.

Based on this concept, Heskova Ya. and Hutmanova E. define business services as a service activity used in an intermediate production process that improves the quality of production of goods and services and its efficiency, along with services provided by the enterprise it self [4].

Currently, the demand for business services is due to a number of circumstances.

Firstly, the spread of knowledge-intensive technologies naturally changes traditional approaches to the principles and methods of management of business structures.

Secondly, the demand for this type of services is episodic, depending on the typification and standardization of services, as a result of which it is unprofitable to maintain full-time specialists.

Thirdly, the popularity of personnel outsourcing in various fields of activity is increasing.

And finally, fourth, the segment of business services for small and mediumsized businesses is expanding due to the provision of new forms of integrated services. Business services are characterized by a common property of the service itself, such as the heterogeneity of the activities covered, non-preservation and intangible, which the consumed enterprises need to take into account when purchasing or determining its quality.

In the Republic of Tajikistan, the State is actively involved in the creation of business incubators and technology parks that specialize in providing information, legal and consulting support to business entities. The institutional environment of the business services market in the Republic of Tajikistan also consists of educational institutions specializing in training personnel in this field. These include employment and retraining centers, industry research institutes, higher education institutions, etc.

Thus, in order to create a favorable institutional environment for the development of business services, we consider it necessary to develop a "Concept for the development of the business services sector in the Republic of Tajikistan for the period 2022 to 2030." In this Concept, it is necessary to clarify the goals and objectives of the development of the business services market in the Republic of Tajikistan, as well as to determine the main directions of its development in the long term.

Also, it is important and timely, in our opinion, to develop the necessary mechanism of state support for knowledge of capacious sectors of business services. In the conditions of the Republic of Tajikistan, it is also advisable to develop measures to develop integration ties between enterprises in the fields of industry and agriculture, research institutes with enterprises and organizations specializing in the provision of business services. In this aspect, it is especially important to stimulate the demand for business services from domestic firms, taking into account the increasing role and importance of such services in the sustainable development of enterprises and organizations. The implementation of the proposed recommendations in practice can contribute to the formation of the necessary infrastructure of the business services market and a favorable legislative environment for the functioning of this market.

Increasing investment activity in the implementation of projects in the field of business services development increases the attractiveness of this market. At the same time, the application of international standards for assessing the quality of business services, the development of unified approaches to drafting contracts, the development of a system for accounting industry indicators and business services management processes are necessary for the further development of the institutional framework of the business services market in the Republic of Tajikistan.

Thus, our research shows that despite the existence of a certain regulatory framework in the field of regulation of the business services sector, there are still many unresolved issues in this area.

Most of the existing regulatory legal acts are of a general nature and they do not highlight the specific features of the business services sector. Especially the infrastructure of the business services market has not yet been fully formulated and its consistent improvement is required. In addition, the system of relationships between economic institutions regulating the formation and development of the business services market has not yet been sufficiently developed to coordinate certain aspects of the policy in the field of business services regulation and determining strategic guidelines for its development in the future.