Сообщества булавоусых чешуекрылых хр. Хэнтэй

G. Tsetsegbadam

The Butterfly (RHOPALOCERA) Communities of Khentey Mountain Range

In the article the data on the species diversity and characteristics of communities are given. The issues of the butterflies Rhopalocera conservation in Khentii Mountains are discussed. The research has been done in three different biotopes: close to the river Eroo, the terrain “Khonin nuga”, “Minj”, and the terrain“Bogd Mountain” at the Tuul river. Totatlly, 2206 individuals of 123 species have been collected which refer to 59 genera and 5 families.

Keyword: communities characteristics, Rhopalocera, biological diversity, cluster analysis, Khentey.

Aims and objectives. The main objectives of our study are to describe species diversity, community characteristic and conservations of the butterflies Rhopalocera in Khentii Mountain.

To achieve these objectives, following activities are proposed:

• •    To identify species composition of butterflies in Khentii Mountain.

• •    То estimate diversity of butterflies living near to the streams and rivers of Khentii Mountain such as Eroo and Minj etc.

• •    To describe conservation status of some interesting species of Rhopalocera.

Field methods. At each sites, three different biotopes were chosen. We sampled butterflies using sweep net during an hour at 2 times a month. The butterflies were stayed at killing jar after caught. The dead butterflies were switched from killing jar to the paper for keeping dry. All specimens were labeled.

Identification. Several keys as D’Abrera (1990,1992 and 1993), Settele et al., (1999), Tuzov (1997, 2000), Korschunov (2002) and Tshikolovets (2002) used for butterfly identification.

Analyze. We analyzed species diversity based on richness and evenness of the butterflies using Estimate S6. Also, community structure is estimated at the R 2.12.1 software. Cluster analyze was done using StatSoft 5.5sofwtare.

Result. Total 2206 individuals of 123 species were collected and determined from the 3 study area which included 59 genus, 5 families. From those of the species the t popular species were Aporia crataegi Linnaeus 1758., (156 individuals), Neptis rivularis Scopolil763., (101 individuals) and other species for example Coenonympha oedippus Fabricius 1787., were abundant as fewer than 67 individuals (Graph 1).

Зуйпийн эрэмбэ

Graph 1. The dominant species in Khentey mountain butterfly community

When consider each study site respectively, Bogd khan mountain site had the fewest number and Minj study site had the highest number of butterfly. But the abundance of the study sites were not significantly different with statistically (F(2,6)=1.3956, p=0.3179) (Graph-2). The species which collected with only one individual were highest in Bogd khan mountain site as 18 species. In Minj site it was 7 species and in Khoninuga site it was 17 species (Table 1). Another word butterfly community of Minj study site were represent equally number of species. Its also illustrated from the community evenness index value (Table 1).

Butterfly species richness of Khoninnuga community was the highest, then Minj study site with species richness. But the Bogd khan mountain site was the lowest species richness(Table 1, Graph

• 3). Species richness of the sites statistically different with one way ANOVA (F(2,6)=3.8488, p=0.04) (Graph 3).

Also species diversity of butterfly community in study sites were significantly different (F(2,6)=8.5458, p=0.01) and this difference related to Bogd Khan mountain species diversity (Graph 4) .were relatively similar with species composition (Graph 4). The species which collected from the Bogd Khan mountain site were 79 percent of before reported species of the area. From those species Minios dry as S., Coenonympha amaryllis S., Satyrus stheno G&G, Aporia crataegy L., Brenthis ino R., Aphantopus hyperantus L., Coenonympha glycerion B., Nepthis rivularis S., Boeberia parmenio B.

Graph 2. The abundance of the butterfly in the study sites

Diversity of Khentey mountain butterfly community

Table 1

Sudy sites	Individuals	Observed species number(Mao Tau)±SD	Species which collected with only one individual±SD	Species which collected with 2 individual ±SD	Evenness index(J)
Bogd khan mountain site	488	54±5.24	18±5.19	7±1.91	0.82
Khoninnuga	709	93±3.71	17±2.27	13±1.19	0.89
Minj	1008	88±3.62	8±1.64	8±1.23	0.9

The butterfly community in Minj and Khoninnuga site Triphysa phryne, Hipparchia autonoe, Coenonympha oedippus, Hyponephele lycaon, Mesoacidalia aglaja, Colias tyche, Oeneis sculdawQW the most dominant. About the biotope difference of the species composition in the Bogd Khan mountain site were also significant. Another word species diversity and abundance were related to the biotope characterizes (ANOVA: F_species(2,17)=11.47; pO.OOl; F_abundance(2,17)=6.89; p<0.01).The most of the species collected in forest edge biotopes in Bogd Khan mountain study sites. Another word forest edge butterfly community compose74.5% of total species and 79.3% of the total individuals which collected from the Bogd khan mountain study site. The most dominant species compose 82.3% of the total caught butterflies.

The similarity of the butterfly community in Minj and Khoninnuga sites were 78% with species composition and Bogd Khan mountain site was 72% different from the other sites (Graph-5). For instance 26 species of the Bogd Khan mountain site collected with 1-2 individuals '.Coenonympha hero, Lycaena helle, Melitaea cinxia, Nymphalis antiopa, Everes fischeri, Mellicta centralasiae, Parnassius nomion, Pontia chloridice, Scolitantides orion, Vanessa cardui, Ahlbergia frivaldszkyi, Araschnia levana, Aricia allous, Brenthis daphne, Everes argiades, Maculinea teleius, Mellicta athalia, Oeneis tarpeia, Oeneis urda, Papilio machaon, Plebejus argus, Plebejus argyrognomon, Polyommatus cyane, Polyommatus eroitides, Polyommatus eros, Pyrgus sibirica.

And Khoninnuga, Minj sites differed each other with few species of butterfly such as Aporiacrataegi L., Nymphalis v-album D-Sch., Plebejussubsolanus Evers., NeptisrivularisScoV; Boeberiaparmenio^oQ were most dominant in Khoninnuga site and Aporiacrataegi L., NeptisrivularisSco^., Lycaenahelle D-Sch., Ariciaeumedon Esp., Melitaeadidyma Esp., Pyrgusmalvae L., CoenonymphaoedippusTab., Leptideamorsei F., Oeneissculda Eversand Coenonymphaglycerion Bork., were most dominant in Minj site.

Graph 3. Species richness of butterfly community hi study sites

4.0

3.8

3.6

3.4

3.2

3.0

2.8

2.6

2.4

| F(2,6) = 8.5458, p = О.ОГТб]

Богд уул Хонин нуга Минж

° Дундаж

X Дундаж ±0.95*30

Graph 4. Species diversity of butterfly community in study sites

Кластер анализ Ward-Methode Тесеетэйбусын матрикс

Graph 5. The similarity of butterfly communityin the study sites

Conclusion

• •    The 123 species which belonged 59 genus, 5 families conducted from the Khentey mountain region. From those Aporia crataegi L., Neptis rivularis Scopoli, were the most abundant.

• •    Species which represented with only one individual were higthest as 18 species in Bogd Khan mountain, and 7,17 in Minj and Khoninnuga sites respectively.

• •    Butterfly species community in 3 study sites were equilibrium condition without dominant species.

• •    Within the Khentey mountain region butterfly community of Bogd Khan mountain site (the area Tuul river crossed the Ulaanbaatar city) differed from the other 2 sites which represent western part of the Khentey mountain region (Eroo river, Khoninnuga and Minj river basin).

• •    Butterfly community of Minj and Khoninnuga sites were very similar with species composition.