Potato varieties of domestic and foreign selection for irrigated conditions of the south of Russia

The purpose of the study is to evaluate and select productive, with high marketability, potato varieties of domestic and foreign selection for cultivation in local natural and climatic irrigated conditions. The study was conducted in 2018-2020 in the multi-branch farm Krynina A.A., located in the Kharabalinsky District of the Astrakhan Region. A field experiment in 3 replicates was laid by the method of split plots, the total area of the plot was 210 m2, and the counting area was 105 m2. Planting scheme 1.4 × 0.15 m with a standing density of 47.6 thousand plants per hectare. The zoned early-ripening Impala potato variety was taken as the standard variety. Biometric observations carried out during three field seasons revealed differences in plant growth rates in 21 studied varieties. Eight varieties were the most intense - Gulliver (80.5 cm), Red Scarlett (80.3 cm), Juvel (79.3 cm), Romano and Capri (76.1 cm), Liga (74.1 cm), Akseniya (72.5 cm), LaPerla (71.6 cm), in the flowering phase they were 1.0-9.9 cm ahead of the standard Impala variety. Three varieties - Red Scarlett (5.1 pcs.), Serafina (4.9 pcs.), Gulliver (4.8 pcs.) - have the largest number of main stems. Four studied varieties - Juvel (48.1 t/ha), Liga and Red Scarlett (49.6 t/ha), Gulliver (51.4 t/ha) - exceeded the yield standard by 0,4-3,7 t/ha. The varieties Gulliver, Akseniya, Serafina, Liga, Red Scarlett showed a high marketability of tubers - 98 %, in the varieties Juvel, Udacha, Romano it was 3 % lower. Potato varieties Akseniya, Serafina, Gulliver, Red Sonya, Red Scarlett, Navigator, Liga, Udacha, Juvel, Vimpel are capable of accumulating an increased content of solids, sugars, starch, and ascorbic acid. The highest profitability (169.3-187.7 %) was obtained in Juvel, Liga, Red Scarlett and Gulliver, which is 2.3-20.7 % higher than that of the standard Impala variety.