Variety study of grain-forage crops on acid soils of Kamchatka krai in the Pacific influence area

The article presents the results of studying varieties of oats and spring barley of Kamchatka reproduction. The aim of the research is to study and select promising, early maturing and lodging-resistant varieties of oats and barley for seed purposes. Soil-climatic conditions of the south-west of the peninsula are limiting for grain-forage crops, mean annual TAt° > 10 °C = 1092 °C, which provides an opportunity to identify early maturing varieties in the extreme conditions of Kamchatka. Field experiments were laid on slightly acidic and medium acid soils, pHsol = 4.64-5.22 with high organic matter content of 9.0-9.5%. Meteorological conditions were favorable for the growth and development of grain-forage crops, but differed significantly from the average annual conditions. Due to the influence of cyclones comingfrom the Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Okhotsk, the lack of stability of the water-thermal regime is pronounced. HTC: in 2021, it was 0.8; 2022 - 1.7; the norm is 2.4. During the growing season of spring crops in 2021, the sum of active temperatures over 10 °C exceeded the norm by 19%, in 2022 - by 28%. The period from sprouting to yellowing of oats lasted 90 days on average, while that of barley was shorter by 2 weeks - 75 days. In general, zoned oat varieties showed greater predictability and matured earlier than nonzoned varieties. In the barley collection, varieties without tolerance differed slightly from varieties with tolerance. Laboratory seed germination variedfrom 76.7 to 94.7% in oats andfrom 63.0 to 97.2% in barley. Field germination of oats was 84.0-93.6%, barley - 66.8-97.2%. The height of varieties resistant to lodging varied within the following limits: in oats it was 105-121 cm, in barley - 77-94 cm. We did not reveal linear relationship between lodging resistance and plant height. Increasing the range ofintroduced varieties will allow expanding the choice ofagricultural producers in terms ofyield and cost of seed material. It is necessary to regularly select promising varieties for breeding.