The composition of fatty acids of lipids of leaves Viola ambigua Waldst. et Kit. (Violaceae)

The study was conducted on populations of Viola ambigua growing in the conditions of the Middle Volga in rocky steppes with chalk and limestone outcrops as part of a comprehensive study of the physiology and biochemistry of calciphyte plants. The aim of the work was to investigate the fatty acid (FA) composition of the leaves of the V. ambigua plant, which is of scientific and practical interest both in identifying the adaptations of organisms to environmental conditions and as a resource plant - a source of biologically active substances. It was found that the FA composition of the V. ambigua leaves mainly contained acids with a chain length of 16-18 carbon atoms. In general, the proportion of saturated acids (SFA) was 24%, the proportion of monoenoic acids (MFA) - 12%, polyunsaturated acids (PUFA) - 64% of the total FA. The quantitative indicators of FA of the isolated submembrane complexes (lipid rafts) differed from the composition of the total lipid fraction of the leaves. The share of SFA was 71%, MFA - 18%, PUFA - 8%, unknown FA - 3%. Analysis of higher carboxylic acids showed that V. ambigua leaves contain a high (76%) relative content of unsaturated FA, which represents the resource value of this plant. The submembrane formations obtained during the study, on the contrary, are distinguished by an increased content of saturated and monoenic FA, which can be considered as specific physiological reactions to a complex of environmental conditions and suggests further study.