State and issues of development of post-graduate studies in modern Russia

The modernization of the Russian education should be aimed at solving the problems of building a nation-oriented economy and forming the necessary quality of “human capital”. A special place in meeting the needs of the modern economy, science and education belongs to post-graduate studies. At present, while maintaining their strategic objective related to training highly qualified scientific and pedagogical staff, the structure of post-graduate programs and approaches to the conditions of their implementation are changing dramatically. Therefore, the analysis of quantitative and qualitative indicators of the process and conditions of training in post-graduate schools is of some interest, which is the purpose for the article. The authors review the performance of organizations engaged in training graduate students, and the number of students enrolled in post-graduate programs, the problems caused by financing the scientific sector and ensuring its demand for staff, the efficiency of training graduate students and other indicators. It is concluded that the problems and trends identified in the system of post-graduate studies are caused by the contradictions between the organizational forms, regulatory rules determining the procedure for training graduate students, and the socio-economic reality in which training is carried out. An important area in the development of post-graduate schools and the solution of these issues is the development of long-term forecasts in order to regulate the optimal number of graduate students, other indicators of graduate school activities in terms of the needs of the modern economy in general and science in particular. The materials of the article will be useful to the authorities when developing the personnel policy in the science.