Dairy goat breeding state in Russia and in the world (review)

The situation of development of dairy goat breeding in the world and Russia is considered. World interest in goat's milk as an object of functional nutrition was noted. The history of dairy goat breeding in Russia is described, it is shown that there is not a single domestic breed of dairy or meat goats in the country. It is emphasized that the bulk of dairy goats in the Russian Federation are local outbred goats, but many territories are interested in purebred breeding and have favorable conditions for the development of goat breeding. Goat products, subject to certain conditions, such as standardized quality, guaranteed food safety, continuity of delivery, branding, attractive packaging, have an export potential. The research materials were the results of summarizing the experience of foreign and domestic goat breeders. Alpine, Nubian and Czech breeds of goats, while rare for the country, characterized by high productivity, whose milk does not have a specific smell, are singled out as promising. It is significant to import purebred highly productive dairy goats from other countries. For the development of the industry, not only breeding work is needed, but also state support. In the near future, the industry will be based on farms and private households. Dairy goat farming fits perfectly into many rural social development projects. It is advisable to create associations of goat breeders at the regional levels, as well as at the All-Russian level with international connections, to train farm specialists and all interested goat breeders in the methods and techniques of conducting selection and breeding work, technologies for keeping and feeding animals, which will help improve their professional level and develop the industry generally.