The state of the grain farming in Russia, the role of grain crops in the feeding of agricultural animals and human diet

In the structure of Russian crop production, a fundamental role is assigned to grain farming: production, processing and storage of grain. First of all, it is because the products of grain processing are represented to a great extent in the diet of every inhabitant of our country. According to their availability and consumer properties, products made of grain are capable of satisfying up to 40% of a person's daily food needs, and taking into account the share of grain in concentrate feeds for animals and poultry (meat, egg, milk production), it raises respectively, up to 60%. The leading position in the existing structure of grain crops is occupied by winter and spring wheat. For the period 1990-2020 in the structure of grain crops, the share of areas under winter rye, winter and spring barley, oats, buckwheat, millet decreased, but it increased under winter and spring wheat, corn; the share of the food group increased, while the fodder group decreased. Wheat yield in 2020 increased by 156.0% compared to 2010; rye - by 205.0%; corn - by 169.3%; barley - by 150.6%; oats - by 122.9%; rice - by 110.4%; buckwheat - by 184.7%; millet - by 141.0%. Analyzing the state of the grain economy in the Russian Federation, it should be noted that the existing structure of grain production does not correspond to real needs, therefore it needs to be optimized. The problem of rational use of grain fodder remains relevant. To optimize animal feeding rations, it is advisable to introduce winter and spring triticale into the structure of sown areas for forage purposes instead of spring and winter wheat and winter rye. Increasing the acreage of oats will make it possible to obtain easily digestible raw materials for both animal husbandry and grain production.