Improvement of the milking apparatus for cows with a various degree of development of udder quarters

The article presents a description of an experimental apparatus for measuring milk yield from udder quarters of cows under the conditions of using the currently widespread and serially produced milking apparatus DA-2M in dairy farming of our country. There have been received experimental data on the amount of milk yield by this apparatus for udder quarters with different udder indices and the duration of milking each quarter, usually used in the process of evaluating its functional properties. A significant difference in the time of milk extraction from nipples located on different udder quarters has been confirmed. There has been developed a variant for eliminating this by reducing the sucking timing in the cups of the milking apparatus, which are specially designed to extract milk from the front quarters, the degree of development of which is mainly due to the shape and development of the udder of the dairy cow. It provides for the replacement of the membrane pulsator in the serially produced milking apparatus with a new rotary pulsator proposed by us, which changes the principle and sequence of operation of the milking cups in the apparatus to quarter-by-quarter, circular or sequential milking of udder quarters with the ability to adjust the sucking timing in the cups provided for milking from the front nipples, less developed half of the cow's mammary gland. This does not change the operating principle of the two-stroke, which also has the same constant vacuum under the nipples as in the serial DA-2M, Moreover, the interwall chambers of the cups, alternately in each of them, as the pulsator rotor rotates, are supplied either with a vacuum in the sucking stroke, or atmospheric pressure air in the compression stroke. In relation to the new, the analytical dependencies obtained by us for calculating the timing of transient processes in the technology of pneumatic drive of milking cups are presented, guaranteeing their operation in a mode similar to a serial milking apparatus.