Совершенствование рабочих органов культиватора для локального внесения минеральных удобрений

The most important factor in the intensification of agricultural production, increasing the yield of grain and leguminous crops is the chemicalization of the crop industry, in particular the use of mineral fertilizers. The analysis of national and foreign literature has shown the advantage of the local method of applying mineral fertilizers for agricultural crops. The purpose of this work is to improve the working bodies of the cultivators for continuous tillage when performing operations for applying mineral fertilizers into the soil. In the process of work, experimental samples of machines were prepared and two-year production experiments were conducted in the Sukhobuzimsky district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory on the local introduction of fertilizers by a machine-tractor unit using new replaceable working bodies (duck-foot and opener tip) to determine the practical feasibility and effectiveness of their use with basic agricultural machines. As a result of the research, the technical and economic indicators of the soil fertilizing unit with replaceable working bodies have been determined, the optimal options for pre-sowing application of mineral fertilizers have been identified, the shortcomings of the quality of the work performed that require constructive refinement have been revealed, the effectiveness of the use of inclined-band technology for applying fertilizers into the soil for the natural and climatic zones of the Krasnoyarsk Territory has been confirmed. The energy evaluation of the unit with replaceable working bodies (Belarus-1523 KPS-4 + KPS-4 + Turbo-Jet Super 8) in various operating modes with a given processing depth of 8-12 cm showed that the traction resistance of the unit is in the range of 16-20 kN and corresponds to aggregation with tractors of traction class 20 kN. The greatest efficiency was obtained when applying the main doses of mineral fertilizers to the soil to a depth of 8-10 cm. In terms of grain yield, the variant with the use of an experimental soil-fertilizing cultivator based on KPS-4 surpasses all others and has the advantage that pre-sowing cultivation is carried out with the introduction of fertilizers. Local application of mineral fertilizers simultaneously with the pre-sowing cultivation increases the efficiency of fertilizer use compared to surface spreading by 20-25%.