Soviet national policy towards the dispersely resettled ethnous (by the Krasnoyarsk region German population example)

Soviet national policy ideologically began to take shape at the beginning of the 20th century. With the coming to power of the Bolsheviks, it became one of the priority areas and was aimed at the development of non-Russian peoples, including Germans who had lived in Russia for more than 200 years. The study considers the national policy on the example of a region with a dispersed settlement of the German population. The main purpose of this study is to study the methods and identify the results of such a policy in the Krasnoyarsk Region. The Soviet national policy began to be implemented in 1917 and in the first decade and a half it was liberal in nature, developing the main features that, according to Stalin, define the nation - language, territory, general economic life and mental make-up. The small size and passivity of the German population in the Krasnoyarsk Region did not allow at the first stage to fully implement all the tasks of the indigenization policy. In the second half of the 1930s national policy began to undergo changes, the emphasis was placed on the friendship of peoples. This approach was enshrined in the Constitution of 1936. At the same time, nationalism was gaining momentum in Germany, which counted on the support of the Germans living outside the historical homeland. In order to prevent negative consequences on the part of the German population of the USSR, the Soviet government took preventive measures: a German operation, deportation to the eastern regions of the country. After the end of the Great Patriotic War, the Germans received the status of a special settler and were deprived of the right to independently choose their place of residence. In the 1950s-1980s the Soviet government pursued a rehabilitation policy.But the dispersed settlement of the German population in a foreign cultural environment fully contributed to assimilation and, as a result, led to the loss of the language and culture of Russian Germans.