The current state and prospects for the development of animal husbandry in Russia and the Orеl region

The dynamic development and improvement of the competitiveness of animal husbandry is aimed at achieving the key indicators of the Food Security Doctrine and solving the problem of import substitution. The purpose of the study was to study and analyze production and economic indicators and trends in the development of animal husbandry in Russia and the Orel region and to develop priority areas of scientific and technological development of the industry in modern economic conditions. Poultry and pig farming are the most dynamically developing branches of animal husbandry. In 2021 poultry meat production amounted to 5.02 million tons, pork - 4.30 million tons, beef - 1.86 million tons, lamb - 214.7 thousand tons in slaughter weight. Along with the increase in the production of poultry and pork, their consumption per capita is also increasing. The consumption of poultry meat per capita in the Russian Federation is 34 kg per year, or 45% of the total meat consumed. Milk production in farms of all categories in 2021 increased by 0.2% (+63.1 thousand tons) to the level of 2020 and amounted to 32.3 million tons Against the background of a general decrease in the number of cows in Russia in farms of all categories (from 7.97 million heads in 2016 to 7.78 million in 2021), there is an increase in their milk productivity, and this trend has been maintained for several years. According to preliminary data from Rosstat, in 2021. in agricultural organizations, 7007 kg of milk was produced per 1 cow, which is 279 kg (4.1%) more than in 2020. In the Orel region, the production of livestock and poultry for slaughter, milk, eggs in 2021 in farms of all categories increased by 16.5%, 0.3% and 6.7%, respectively, compared to 2020. In 2021, 6410 kg of milk was produced per cow in agricultural organizations of the region, which is 7.3% higher than in 2020. From the standpoint of a systematic approach, priority directions and strategic objectives for the development of animal husbandry have been developed, the implementation of which will increase the competitiveness of the industry.