Modern aspects of radionuclide therapy in thyroid cancer

In the last two decades, the incidence of thyroid cancer has increased by almost 28 %, while at the same time mortality has decreased by more than 23 %. This is due to an increase of pathology detection at an early stage. The most favorable prognosis occurs after surgeries combined with radioactive iodine therapy. Radioactive iodine therapy can be used both for the ablation of thyroid tissue remnants after subtotal or near-total thyroidectomy for multifocal invasive cancer, and for the treatment of regional and distant metastases of differentiated thyroid cancer. The use of radioactive iodine is validated by: its selective accumulation by thyroid cells and highly differentiated tumors; the possibility to achieve a high absorbed dose in the accumulation site with minimal damage to surrounding tissues; the absence of complications, reversibility of side effects after drug administration. The article provides a review of domestic and foreign literature on modern and promising areas of radionuclide therapy for thyroid cancer treatment. Pubmed, eLIBRARY and other databases were used as reference sources.