Modern surgical methods of hemorrhois treatment. Literature review

Introduction. The article presents the literature data on the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and modern methods of surgical treatment of chronic hemorrhoids, including the use of minimally invasive methods.Materials and methods. The development of technologies used in the surgery of hemorrhoidal disease and the desire of patients to improve the quality of life in the postoperative period, as well as the widespread use of minimally invasive technologies in outpatient treatment of proctological diseases has influenced the emergence of a large number of new and modified techniques. Minimally invasive methods are inferior in efficiency to newer methods, such as dearterization of hemorrhoids with mucoperkia and laser submucosal destruction of cavernous bodies of the lower ampullary rectum. The use of modern technologies in doppler-controlled desarterization of hemorrhoids and mucopexy, as well as laser subcutaneous submucosal destruction of hemorrhoids can significantly reduce pain and the risks of complications in the postoperative period. Various variations of laser operations for hemorrhoids, as the most modern method of treating hemorrhoidal disease, also ensure the preservation of a high level of quality of life of patients after interventions. Modern laser devices and their modifications have formed several ways of performing laser operations that are not inferior to each other in efficiency and the number of complications, however, a comparative characteristic of these methods has not been carried out.Discussion. The problem of choosing a surgical method for the treatment of hemorrhoids is currently quite acute. There is no standardized method for each clinical stage of hemorrhoids, the choice of technique remains at the discretion of the operating surgeon-coloproctologist.Conclusion. Due to the rapid development of minimally invasive methods of hemorrhoid treatment, the effectiveness of new methods of surgical treatment of hemorrhoids and their combinations and delayed treatment results in some variations are not inferior to classical methods of performing operations.