Modern approaches and unresolved issues of prevention of venous thromboembolic complications during surgical interventions

Venous thromboembolic complications, which include pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, subcutaneous vein thrombophlebitis throughout the history of surgery is its constant companion. In some areas of the surgical profile, thrombosis in the lumen of the veins threatens almost every patient, which allowed doctors to form a false belief about the absolute inevitability of venous thrombosis in some cases in the postoperative period. Currently, the world surgical community is closely engaged in the prevention of postoperative venous thromboembolic complications. Experts from reputable professional communities have developed recommendations for the treatment and prevention of venous thromboembolic complications with mandatory revision of these documents every 4-5 years. Thanks to the work carried out, the majority of practicing surgeons have formed a clear understanding of the need to strictly follow the recommendations and standards aimed at preventing postoperative venous thromboembolic complications. However, despite all the work being done, against the background of the developed "general” clinical recommendations and standards, venous thromboembolic complications remain a frequent complication of surgical interventions, which indirectly confirms the idea of the need to develop personalized programs for the prevention of these formidable complications with individual consideration of certain patient parameters even during preoperative preparation and the strictest control in the near, and sometimes even in the long-term postoperative periods. The review analyzes the literature devoted to the problem of venous thromboembolic complications in surgical patients in the postoperative period, modern methods of prevention of thrombosis in the lumen of venous vessels. The shortcomings of the available methods with the search for a solution to the problem by introducing new methods for diagnosing the coagulation potential of blood and the need to develop a personalized program for the prevention of venous thromboembolic complications in patients who are about to undergo surgical interventions are shown.