Modern approaches to the classification of alalia

The article presents an analysis of approaches to the study of such a pathology of speech development as alalia. The types of classification of speech disorders in Russian and foreign practice according to various criteria are considered. The author carries out a comparative analysis of the classification of alalia in various systems. It is concluded that the general patterns of all existing classifications of alalia in various systems are: division in terms of the etiology of disorders into primary and secondary. Secondary speech disorders are included in the overall picture of the syndrome, and primary ones are considered as a separate type of dysontogenesis. There is also a general tendency to assess the severity of a speech disorder based on the degree of delay in normal speech development. But despite attempts to classify various speech disorders based on various grounds (linguistic, physiological, etiopathogenetic, etc.), there are often difficulties in defining alalia in one category or another. This causes difficulties in the interdisciplinary interaction of specialists working with this nosology. In addition to the need to study the mechanisms and factors leading to such a disorder as alalia (developmental dysphasia), it is necessary to develop a generally accepted conceptual and categorical apparatus. Each of the presented classifications makes a huge contribution to science, moves it forward from the standpoint of its scientific approach and method.