Современные подходы к специфической профилактике африканской чумы свиней (обзор)
Автор: Чернышев Р.С., Спрыгин А.В., Иголкин А.С., Жбанова Т.В., Перевозчикова Н.А., Роменская Д.В., Груздев К.Н., Мазлум А.
Журнал: Сельскохозяйственная биология @agrobiology
Рубрика: Обзоры, проблемы
Статья в выпуске: 4 т.57, 2022 года.
Бесплатный доступ
Африканская чума свиней (АЧС), впервые охарактеризованная R.E. Montgomery еще в начале ХХ века (R.E. Montgomery, 1921), уже более 100 лет остается одной из острых проблем в мировом свиноводстве. Поиски эффективных и универсальных средств специфической профилактики во всем мире ведутся с 1933 года (J. Walker, 1933). В представленном обзоре суммированы данные литературы из открытых источников по наиболее важным и успешным событиям в истории разработки вакцин против АЧС, обсуждены перспективы и результаты использования аттенуированных (C. Muñoz-Pérez с соавт., 2021), инактивированных (E. Cadenas-Fernández с соавт., 2021), субъединичных (J.G. Neilan с соавт., 2004) и векторных (J.K. Jancovich с соавт., 2018) вакцин против АЧС. При широком использовании природно ослабленных негемадсорбирующих изолятов в качестве вакцин во второй половине XX века в странах Европы наблюдалось хроническое течение АЧС у значительного числа свиней (J. Manso Ribeiro с соавт., 1963). Несмотря на генетические изменения в геноме вируса, последовательные пассажи полевых изолятов вируса АЧС на различных культурах клеток не показали должного результата в ослаблении вирулентных свойств возбудителя (I. Titov с соавт., 2017). Использование технологий получения делетированных мутантов ASFV-G-ΔI177L создало перспективу для разработки эффективных вакцин-кандидатов (M.V. Borca с соавт., 2020). Показано, что инактивированные, а также субъединичные вакцины на основе рекомбинантных белков, вызывали образование специфических иммуноглобулинов в высоких титрах, однако не обладали протективными свойствами (G. Burmakina с соавт., 2016). Новой вехой в борьбе с многими инфекционными болезнями животных, в частности с АЧС, стали векторные вакцины. Исследования последних лет указывают на перспективу создания эффективных и сертифицированных ДНК-вакцин, среди векторов для разработки которых хорошо себя зарекомендовали аденовирус человека 5 (rAd) и модифицированный вирус осповакцины Анкара (MVA) (L.C. Goatley с соавт., 2020). Аттенуированные вакцины на основе генетически модифицированных вирусов с делецией генов I226R и 18-7GD (Y. Zhang с соавт., 2021; W. Chen с соавт., 2020) нуждаются в экспертизе с привлечением международных организаций для дальнейшей регистрации и внедрения в ветеринарную практику.
Африканская чума свиней, ачс, вакцина, инактивированная вакцина, аттенуированная вакцина, днк-вакцина, рекомбинантная вакцина, crispr/cas9
Короткий адрес: https://sciup.org/142236345
IDR: 142236345 | DOI: 10.15389/agrobiology.2022.4.609rus
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