Modern opportunities for early diagnosis of acute mesenteric circulatory disorders

Introduction. The acute form of mesenteric ischemia is still an urgent and important problem of modern surgery, especially its early diagnosis. There is no tendency to decrease mortality rates from this form of the disease. Over the years, it has been 65-95 %. Due to the need to minimize the time of diagnosis of mesenteric ischemia, research is underway aimed at creating and evaluating the effectiveness of new diagnostic markers that could indicate ischemia of the intestinal wall by changing their concentration and make it possible to perform surgical treatment at the earliest possible time. According to the literature, a new clinical and laboratory indicator has similar characteristics - the intestinal form of fatty acid binding protein (Intestinal Fatty Acid Banding Protein, (I-FABP).The purpose of the study. To evaluate the diagnostic value of the fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) as the primary marker of ischemic small intestine lesion based on our observations.Materials and methods. A single-center clinical and laboratory comparative study included 31 patients from 34 to 91 years old who were admitted to the State Medical Institution “State Clinical Hospital named after V.V. Veresaev DZM”, urgently with the clinic of acute mesenteric circulatory disorders in the period 2022-2023.Results. The maximum concentrations of I-FABP in the blood serum are detected 2-3 days after the onset of the vascular “catastrophe”. In all cases, thrombosis was the cause of ONMpC. Mesenteric arterial thrombosis as the cause of OMI occupied a leading place, accounting for 71 % of cases (n = 22), whereas venous thrombosis was diagnosed in 29 % of patients (n = 9). The value of I-FABP in patients with arterial thrombosis was not much higher than the value of the marker in patients with venous OMI. The average concentration of I-FABP in deceased patients was significantly higher than that in survivors.Conclusion. Laboratory determination of the intestinal form of fatty acid binding protein in blood serum has every chance of being introduced into the diagnostic algorithm for patients with suspected forms of mesenteric circulatory disorders, which will reduce the diagnostic time, choose the optimal treatment tactics and improve treatment results.