The creation of new Chinese plum varieties in the Urals

The research objective was to create a new variety of Chinese plum steady to abio-and to biotic factors of the region, fruitful, with high-quality large-fruited fruits for the replenishment of existing zoned assortment of the Urals. The objects of the research were: 1) trees of Sapphire variety - in the selection garden of 1995 of planting (Federal State Unitary Enterprise ‘Gorno-Altayskoye’, Altai Republic, the village of Chemal); 2) vegetatively propagated plants, on the site of competitive studying of 2009 of planting on the Chelyabinsk state fruit and berry variety testing site (Chelyabinsk Region, Krasnoarmeisk district). Competitive test was made by the technique of the State variety testing. As the control the variety zoned in the Ural Region - Ural golden selections of the Southern Ural Research Institute of Gardening and Potato Growing - FSBRI Branch "Ural Federal Agrarian Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences" (Chelyabinsk). The studied varieties were imparted on seedlings of sandy cherry (Prunus pumila L.). The scheme of planting was 5×3 m. The site was on bogara. The system of row-spacings in the garden was black fallow. The agrotechnology was standard for plum cultivation in the South Urals. All the researches were made according to the standard techniques. Morphological, biological and economic characteristic of a new Chinese Sapphire plum variety of Altai selection was given. The variety was distinguished for high adaptive properties to abio-and to biotic factors, high palatability of fruits, stable yield and large fruits. The average weight of the fruit of roundish form was 25.5 g. The integument was blue with a strong waxy coating. Average productivity was 5.3 t/hectare. The variety was steady to fungal diseases. The plum variety Sapphire will allow filling up zoned assortment of plum of the Ural Region qualitatively.