The functions and prospects of democratic opposition parties in modern Russia

The research determines the functions and prospects of democratic opposition parties in modern Russia from the conceptual perspective of neo-patrimonialism, hybrid regimes, electoral authoritarianism, and defective democracy. It is concluded that hybrid factor in Russian political regime seriously hinders the establishment and effective operation of democratic opposition. However, even nominal opposition is important as it proves the existence of democratic potential in the Russian political system that can be reached, mobilized, and increased under favorable political circumstances. In addition, due to constitutional requirements, the ruling elite of Russia is at least forced to support democratic activism. In particular, opposition parties should function as an essential element of democracy declared in the Constitution of the Russian Federation.