Satellite methods for determining the temperature of the earth and the surface atmosphere for oil spill detection

The surface and atmospheric temperature in the surface layer is determined using a method based on the use of data from a satellite thermal infrared (IR) device to obtain imagery with a narrow field of view. The method accounts for atmospheric attenuation, the emissivity of the Earth's surface, and radiation from both cloudless skies and clouds reflected from the surface. Essential meteorological measurements include the temperature of the intermediate atmospheric layer and, when applicable, the bases of clouds. As a result of the research, temperature data with an accuracy of ±1K were obtained. In addition to general surface and atmospheric temperature monitoring, this method proves particularly effective in the detection of oil spills. Oil films on water surfaces alter the thermal emissivity and heat exchange properties of the surface, typically appearing cooler than surrounding clean water in thermal imagery. These temperature anomalies enable remote detection of oil-contaminated zones, especially in marine and coastal environments.