Comparative characteristics of yield and grain quality of spring wheat varieties on gray forest soils

The increasing importance of wheat in the diet of the population raises the need of increasing the gross grain harvest while improving its quality. De-cision of the problem depends on the adaptability of varieties to different soil and climatic zones, as well as on the nature of agricultural and meteorological conditions. The article presents a comparative evaluation of the productivity and quality of grain of early-maturing spring wheat varieties, middle-early varieties and middle-maturing group growing in the conditions of southeast of Western Siberia on gray forest soils. The studies were carried out from 2013 to 2015 on Yashkinsky state varietal plot (Kemero-vo region). Research objects were six early-ripening varieties of wheat, middle-early maturity group: Ruslada, Novosibirskaya 15, Irene, Gornouralskaya, Altaiskaya 70, Catherine and five middle-maturing varieties, such as Kuzbass Hope, Aleshina, Aphrodite Memory, OmskGAU 90, Stolypinskaya. Precursor was fallow, seeding rate was 6.5 mln per 1 hectare of viable seeds, the area of plots was 25 m2, and repetitiveness was fourfold. The assessment of grain quality of spring wheat was held according to indicators of the mass of 1000 grains, nature, vitreousness. It was found out that all middle-maturing varieties formed a higher yield (22.2 centner / hectare) and better grain quali-ty in comparison with the early varieties and mid-dle-early maturity group. On average, the grain na-ture of middle-maturing varieties was 683 g / l, the mass of 1000 seeds was 32.5 g, vitreousness was 63-66 % during the years of research. The compar-ison of wheat genotypes grown on gray forest soils for plant height, yield, nature, 1000 grain weight and vitreousness showed that genotypic effect is not constant but it varies depending on weather conditions.