Comparative characteristics of the animals of simmental breed of different origin on the basis of the estimates breeding value of the cows by the Blup Animal Model method in connection with the level of herd productivity

The research objective was carrying out the assessment of breeding value of the cows of Simmental breed by BLUP Animal Model method for the characteristic of genetic variability in the herds of pale-yellow and motley cattle in a number of regions of Russia. The data on dairy efficiency 61 813 heads were chosen. The cows of Simmental breed of 1995-2015 of the birth and their family trees were chosen. Complex data processing and their statistical assessment were carried out, the breeding value of the Simmental breed cows bred in 42 farms of the Russian Federation was calculated. It was established that purebred Holstein and Simmental-Holstein hybrids had 55.3 % of general origin, purebred Simmental the Russian and German-Austrian origin - only 25.5 %, however, they formed the general cluster and were most removed from purebred Holstein. In the studied population of Simmental cattle the majority of the breeding enterprises with average efficiency more than 4 501 kg of milk for 46.9 % were made by the cows of foreign origin, on the farms with lower efficiency this indicator made 16.1 %. Average values of dairy efficiency were higher at the representatives of foreign origin in the all groups of farms, with high values in III (5 032 kg of milk with a mass fraction of fat of 4.00 % and protein of 3.18 %) and IV (5 552 kg of milk, 3.90 % of fat and 3.27 % of protein) groups of farms and reliable superiority over contemporaries of the Russian origin on +403 (R ≤ 0.001) and +483 kg of milk (R ≤ 0.001) respectively. Their average estimates of breeding value made +14 and +254 kg that above the Russian representatives by +161 and +205 kg respectively. The best dairy efficiency among all the groups was found in the animals of a foreign origin in the VI group where the yield of milk made 6 575 kg of milk with the content of fat of 3.96 % and protein of % 3.26, i.e. reliable +715 kg above milk (R ≤ 0.001), than in the contemporaries of the Russian origin. However, at high average estimates of the breeding value of +404 kg of milk the difference with animals of the Russian origin was not such great, as in III and IV groups, only +126 kg.