Comparative efficiency of various methods of basic tillage for winter wheat in the Orel region

Various methods of the basic tillage for winter wheat with combined units and traditional plowing are considered in the article. It is determined, that the application of allopelagic tillage influenced the agrophysical indicators of soil, its biological activity, weed infestation of soil and structure of the winter wheat yield. The research was conducted in 2009 in the Yakovka village in the Kolpnyansky district of the Orel region in LLC "Rainland". Dark grey wood soils typical for the Orel region were chosen as an object of the research. The stationary field experiment consisted of 3 options: 1) reverse plow tillage to the depth of 25 cm; 2) tillage with the Tsentaur tillager to the depth of 15 cm; 3) tillage with Tsentaur tillager to the depth of 20 cm. Winter wheat sowing was carried out with the Amazone D-9-60 seeder. The norm of sowing was 2.2 dt/ha, the sowing depth was 6 cm. The field experiment was carried out with the method of the randomized repetitions in triple frequency. As the result of the research it was established that the reduction of the tillage depth led to increasing of its density, in general in the period of winter wheat vegetation the density differed from 1.19 g/cm3 to 1,25 g/cm3 depending on the options of the experiment, tillage and recovery terms. The greatest biological activity of the soil was provided by the option with plowing; it was 23.6% of the linen cloth decomposition. The decrease of the tillage depth promotes the increase of weed infestation of soil, in the option with the tillage depth 15 cm in the tillering period the weed infestation of soil was 47 pieces/m2. The greatest safety of plants for harvesting was provided by using the tillager. Its application also provided the maximum harvest value.