The comparative morphology of the adult men maxillary sinus anterior wall outer and inner surfaces periosteum

The periosteum is a specialized and functionally significant part of the bone involved in its regeneration. The most part of scientific research is devoted to the study of the structure and functioning of the periosteum and endosteum of tubular bones, while the periosteum lining the cavities of pneumatized bones remains poorly understood. Clinical needs for its study are due to the increasing demands of modern medicine in the development of minimally invasive and personalized methods for treating patients with pathology of the nose and its sinuses. The aim of the study is to compare the morphology of the periosteum of the outer and inner surfaces of the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus in adult men. In this morphological study, we analyzed the skin-periosteal and mucoperiosteal fragments of the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus from 40 patients who were treated for the removal of foreign bodies from the maxillary sinuses using the their microtomy method. Tissue samples were studied using classical light microscopy, immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies to smooth muscle actin, morphometry and statistical processing of the obtained data. It was found that within a single anatomical bone structure, the periosteum has a number of distinctive features manifested in the thickness and quantity of collagen bundles that form the fibrous layer, the qualitative composition of collagen fiber bundles. The study also showed that the periosteum from the side of the inner surface of the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus does not have a strong connection with the bone matrix. The immunohistochemical study to detect smooth muscle actin made it possible to establish a significant number of positively stained cells in the structure of the proper plate of the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinus. It is known that the actin cytoskeleton, the network of intermediate filaments and microtubules participate in the regulation of cell motility, as well as in their migration processes. Cell migration is a pattern of histogenesis and regeneration mechanisms. The presence of actin-positive cells in the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinus of an adult allows us to consider their migration as one of the mechanisms of its postnatal morphogenesis.