Comparative assessment of agricultural technologies of different intensity and yield of field crops in the conditions of the Orel region

In the conditions of the Orel region, in an unstable economic situation, the importance in replenishing soil fertility is given to optimizing and improving the systems of basic tillage, maximum recovery of plant residues, the use of fertilizers and plant protection products. The purpose of the study is to study the effectiveness of the use of basic tillage systems in the cultivation of crops in the conditions of the Orel region. The article discusses the results of many years of research on the influence of five tillage options, such as zero tillage (direct sowing technology); tillage with a flat-cutter KPSH 5 + MTZ-1221 hedgehogs to a depth of 14-16 cm; tillage with a combined tool KOS 3.7 from UNIA (Poland) + MTZ-1221 to a depth of 14-16 plowing of PLN 5-35 + T-150 to a depth of 20-22 cm without plows; plowing with a reverse plow Euro Diamond 10 by LEMKEN company (Germany) with plows to a depth of 20-22 cm + John Deer 8430, for the yield of soybeans, spring barley, spring wheat and winter wheat in the conditions of the Orel region. The studies have shown that the most profitable for the Orel region in the cultivation of soybeans is the plowing of PLN 5-35 without plough-points to a depth of 20-22 cm. for the cultivation of spring barley and spring wheat, it is advisable to use plowing with a Euro Diamond 10 reverse plough by LEMKEN (Germany) with ploughs to a depth of 20-22 cm, and when cultivating winter wheat, direct sowing technology can be used and tillage with a combined KOS 3.7 implement from UNIA (Poland) to a depth of 14-16 cm.