Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of various methods of diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in dogs: urinalysis, glucometry and biochemical blood analysis

The article discusses the comparative effectiveness of various diagnostic methods for diabetes mellitus in dogs. The study was conducted in 2024 at Astrakhan State University, where the cases of 692 dogs admitted to veterinary clinics were analyzed. The main focus is on three methods: urine glucose analysis, glucometry, and biochemical blood analysis. Urinalysis, although simple and non-invasive, has demonstrated low sensitivity, especially in the early stages of the disease. Glucometry is highly sensitive but is susceptible to stress factors and does not provide complete information about metabolic changes. Biochemical blood analysis is characterized by the highest specificity and informative value, although it requires the use of laboratory equipment and additional time. The conclusion of the study emphasizes that an integrated approach should be taken for optimal diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in dogs. Biochemical blood analysis is recommended as the primary method for confirming the diagnosis and monitoring the patient's condition, while glucometry can be used to promptly detect hyperglycemia. Urinalysis can serve as an additional tool, but its results require careful interpretation. Further research aims to develop more accurate diagnostic criteria and algorithms to improve early diagnosis and treatment of this disease in dogs.