The comparative efficiency analysis of simple and multicomponent alkaline decellularization on the example of purification of the fibrous extracellular matrix of the derma

Alkaline decellularization represents one of the most common methods for obtaining acellular matrix (ECM). However, there is no published data concerning the effectiveness of different alkaline ECM decellularization protocols. In the present study comparative efficiency analysis of the simple decellularization protocol by sodium hydroxide solution and complex protocol by several different solutions based on sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfate was carried out. The biochemical, morphological, and thermo-mechanical characteristics of the acellular fibrous extracellular matrix of the bovine (Bos taurus taurus) dermis were evaluated. It was shown that both protocols effectively remove cellular components from the ECM. However, applying complex protocol led to the reduction in the amount of residual dsDNA in the ECM. The results of morphological and thermomechanical studies suggest that the use of a complex protocol in comparison with a simple treatment with sodium hydroxide leads to decrease in the ECM fiber network disorganization, retaining structure of collagen fibers, and also to an increase in the elasticity of the material. Thus, the use of alkaline treatment with solutions containing sulfate better preserve the native structure of the decellularized ECM from bovine dermis. According to the obtained data it can be concluded that the use of the complex protocol for the alkaline decellularization of bovine dermis is more preferable.