Comparative analysis of efficiency of simple and multicomponent methods of alkaline decellularization through the example of cleaning of fibered extracellular matrix of derma

Alkaline decellularization is one of the most common methods of obtaining a purified extracellular matrix (ECM). Nevertheless, there are no works in the literature devoted to a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of various methods of alkaline purification of ECM. The present work runs about a comparative study of the effect of a simple method of decellularization with sodium hydroxide solution and a multicomponent method by several different solutions based on sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfate on the biochemical, morphological and thermomechanical characteristics of the fibrous extracellular matrix of cattle dermis, namely, the Bos taurus taurus. It is shown that both methods cause effective removal of cellular components from the ECM. However, in samples purified with a multicomponent method, less residual dsDNA was detected. The results of morphological and thermomechanical studies indicate that the use of multicomponent decellularization in comparison with simple treatment with sodium hydroxide leads to a decrease in the disorganization of the ECM fibrous network, while maintaining the structure of the collagen fibers, and also to an increase in the elasticity of the material. The data obtained indicate a greater preservation of the native structure of the decellularized ECM dermis of cattle with alkaline purification using solutions containing sulfate salts. Based on the results of the work, it can be concluded that the use of a multicomponent method is more preferable for the implementation of alkaline decellularization of the cattle dermis.