Comparative analysis of aphakia correction in vitreoretinal pathology

Purpose: comparative analysis of aphakia correction by differents models of intraocular lenses when using a silicone tamponade of the vitreal cavity. Material and Methods. Studies were conducted on 16 eyes with aphakia and pathology of the vitreal cavity. Depending on the use of the type of intraocular lenses (IOL), all patients were divided into 2 groups. Patients of the 1st group underwent the first stage of transscleral IOL fixation. Then a 25G vitrectomy was performed with silicone oil (SO) tamponade of the vitreal cavity. Patients of the 2nd group underwent an anterior chamber IOL, iridotomy, and then vitrectomy 25G with tamponade of the vitreal cavity by SO. Results. When using anterior chamber IOL, the presence of ophthalmic hypertension was revealed in 75 % of cases, which is 2.0 times higher than when using transscleral IOL fixation. In 37.5 % of cases, the SO output to the anterior chamber is determined, in contrast to the group where transscleral IOL fixation was used. A higher percentage of SO migration to the anterior chamber of the eye in 2nd group is due to a violation of the anatomy of the anterior chamber barrier and the vitreal cavity. Conclusion. In patients who underwent transcleral IOL fixation, visual acuity was 2.1 times higher than in patients who had an anterior chamber IOL implanted. Transscleral fixation of the IOL can form the necessary barrier between the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye, and it is also the most physiological method of correcting aphakia.