Means of external dialogueness in the author's narration in early stories of A. Chekhov

This paper presents the results of external dialogueness studies as a type of the author's narrative in A. Chekhov's early stories, created in 1880s. The set of language means that shows external dialogueness in Chekhov's narration is established as a way to demonstrate "author - narrator - reader" relations, it includes such grammatical forms as verb forms of second person, reference, and question-answer complexes. The parity of the means mentioned and specificity of their usage in Chekhov's early narration is under analysis. The author lays special attention to the second person plural forms of verbs because it is considered to be the main means of external dialogueness representation in A. Chekhov's early stories. The all-purpose and peculiar functions of external dialogueness means in Chekhov's narration are revealed. The all-purpose functions are the ones that are viewed as being extended over any type of the text, including activation of the reader's attention, demonstration of the nature of interaction between the writer and the reader. The specific functions are thought to be relevant only for the author's narration in early Chekhov's writings. This type of functions includes ascertainment of conflict or unison patterns of interaction in the dialogue between the author and the reader, which is defined by presumable coincidence or discrepancy in the reader's reaction and the author's position, and expression of the author's implicit estimation of the characters and situations.