Status of Mongolia of 1911–1921 in international law

Domestic and foreign scientists have conducted extensive research on the independence and autonomy of Mongolia. In particular, whether Mongolia became independent in 1911, whether it was recognized according to the treaties of 1912 (Russian-Mongolian Treaty), 1913 (Mongolian-Tibetan Treaty), and 1915 (Kyakhta Treaty). There are still different opinions of researchers on many issues of the legal status of Mongolia in the international arena. The article attempts to reveal the issue of independence and sovereignty of Mongolia at the beginning of the 20th century from the perspective of the history and theory of state and law, international legal theory, and the principles of international law. What was the legal basis for international treaties and agreements of Mongolia with other countries? Are the signed international agreements valid? If so, what is the justification for validity? When considering the status of Mongolia in international law from a legal perspective, it is important to comprehensively analyze the independence of Mongolia during the period under study. Many researchers in addition to denying the independence of Mongolia express ambiguous and uncertain positions.