The structure of fertility in the urban population of the Middle Volga region in the 1955-1965

The author discusses the reasons for the decline in the birth rate among the urban population of the Middle Volga region in the mid 1950s - mid 1960s. On the basis of the considerable array of archival sources the author supplements the scientific knowledge about the structure of fertility in the urban population of the Middle Volga region. She reveals the main reasons for fertility decline, and examines their relationship with economic and social changes in the structure of the Russian society of the given period. The author comes to the conclusion about necessity of studying of demographic processes which were occurring during Nikita Khrushchev’s times for a better understanding of contemporary demographic processes; it is necessary because in the 1950-1960s Russia moved to the modern type of reproduction.