Morbidity patterns and surgical tactics treating patients with orbital tumors

Purpose. To analyze the medical documentation of patients with diseases of the orbit according to the ophthalmology clinic named after Professor V.V. Volkov Military Medical Academy from 2015 to 2023. Material and methods. A total of 336 patients with orbital diseases were examined. The study included 73 patients who were hospitalized for orbital tumors. Medical documentation included: electronic medical history data, conclusions of instrumental research methods and histological examination. Results. The average age of the patient with an orbital tumor was 51±2.1 years (range 19 to 89 years) (men: 39, women: 34). As part of the provision of high-tech medical care, 35 people received treatment, 27 received treatment under benefits from the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, 6 under the compulsory health insurance fund, and 5 under an individual contract. 28 patients were hospitalized on referral from St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region, and 45 were hospitalized at the clinic on referral from other regions. The patients were referred for treatment by: an ophthalmologist, a general practitioner, a neurologist, an otorhinolaryngologist and a neurosurgeon. The period from the onset of complaints to seeking medical help was: 18±3.7 months. In 85% of cases, tumors were located locally in the orbit; spread from other areas into the orbit occurred in 11%, and from the orbit in 4% of cases. Diagnostic orbitotomy was performed in 10.8%. Transconjunctival access was used in 50.7%, transcutaneous – in 38.5%, combined endoscopic transnasal – in 9.2% and transcranial – in 1.5% of cases. Compared to Russian literature data from 2002, there is a decrease in the proportion of malignant tumors of the orbit from 20% to 8.5% and neurogenic tumors – from 16% to 5.8%, with an increase in the number of lacrimal gland tumors from 7.5% to 10.2% and congenital cystic formations – from 9.5% to 14.4%. Conclusion. The results of our study revealed significant changes in the structure of the incidence of orbital tumors in comparison with the data of domestic authors. The data we obtained can be applied not only in scientific practice, but also to optimize the work of ophthalmic surgery departments.