Stylistic and grammatical features of the English text

The present tense prevails in verbs, compound sentences are much more common than compound sentences, and various means of logical communication are widely used. At the same time, a number of features of Uzbek materials of this type are associated with specific structures of the Uzbek language and stand out due to the peculiar use of such structures, in comparison with other styles of Uzbek speech. The prevalence of nominative framework constructions with an uncharacteristic word order for other areas, in which a group of words explaining a participle or adjective acts together with it as a prepositive definition: particles released during nuclear decay; patterns discovered during this experiment; a body stationary relative to the earth; internal processes stable in relation to external influences. The language features of similar styles in the source and translated languages often do not match. Therefore, the belonging of the original and translated texts to a certain functional style imposes special requirements on the translator and affects the course and result of the translation process.

The specificity of a particular type of translation depends not only on the language features that are found in the corresponding style of each of the languages involved in the translation, but mainly on how these features relate to each other, how much the stylistic characteristics of this type of material in both languages coincide. If some features are found only in one of the languages, then the translation is a kind of stylistic adaptation: specific means of presentation in the original are replaced by language tools that meet the requirements of this style in the translated language. Scientific materials in English are characterized by a predominance of simple sentences, which make up on average more than 50% of the total number of sentences in the text. At the same time, the number of complex sentences is relatively small. This phenomenon is not typical of the corresponding style in the Uzbek language, where complex sentences are used very widely. In this regard, English-Uzbek technical translations often use the method of combining sentences, as a result of which two or more simple sentences of the

English original correspond to one complex sentence in the Uzbek translation.

From the point of view of classical theory, we can expect that the locking voltage will be different for different intensities, but will not depend on the wavelength of the incident light. Special translation theory describes various forms of stylistic adaptation when translating texts belonging to a particular functional style. This adaptation is not only due to the language differences discussed.

Stylistic adaptation in translation may also be necessary for those stylistic features that are simultaneously found in similar styles of the source and translated language. The same stylistic trait may appear in different degrees in each of the languages, and its presence in the original does not mean that it can simply be reproduced in the text of the translation. The scientific style in both English and Uzbek is characterized by the desire for clarity and rigor of presentation, the rejection of indirect, descriptive designations of objects, the widespread use of stamps and stereotypes of special vocabulary. However, a more detailed analysis shows that strictness in the use of terms and familiar formulations, in General, is more characteristic of the Uzbek scientific style than the English one. Therefore, the translator often feels obliged to carry out "stylistic editing" of the original, to introduce an exact term instead of paraphrases, to explain what exactly is meant, to replace the author's turn with a more familiar stamp.

Although the scientific style is characterized by an objectively descriptive manner of presentation, devoid of emotion and stylistic "beauty", but in English scientific texts there are emotional epithets, figurative and figurative expressions, rhetorical questions and similar stylistic techniques that enliven the narrative and are more typical of colloquial style or artistic speech. Such violations of the stylistic unity of the text are less typical of scientific and technical materials in the Uzbek language. Comparative analysis of translations shows that translators regularly carry out stylistic adaptation of the translated text, omitting emotional and stylistic elements of the original, which seem to them inappropriate in a "serious " scientific presentation.

Modern technology is developing so quickly that new types of devices appear much more often than it did before. They appear on (our) horizon, appear in our field of vision, etc. - all this is possible, but it is unusually figurative for an Uzbek scientific text. The absence of a complete coincidence between the English and Uzbek scientific styles can be found in the study of the comparative frequency of use of certain parts of speech in them. Scientific presentation is generally characterized by a sign of nominativeness, a wider use of nouns than in other functional styles. The same feature of scientific style that is inherent in both English and Uzbek languages can be manifested with different evidence and expressed by different language means. We have noted that scientific presentation is characterized by high logic and consistency. Statements that follow each other are connected by various types of logical connection: one statement follows from another, explains it, establishes causal, temporal, spatial, etc. relations with it.

This feature is revealed both in the original English and in the Uzbek translation. However, in English, logical connections between individual statements are often found only in their content and are not particularly expressed.

Uzbek language prefers to use special words and introductory phrases that indicate a particular type of communication. Therefore, the translation often reveals such additional clarifications that are not present in the original. Translation using a dictionary of unfamiliar unambiguous terms is not difficult.

There are two possible translation options: Most modern radio transmitters can send both Telegraph and telephone signals, or Most modern radio transmitters can operate in both Telegraph and telephone mode. The second version of the translation will be more correct. When translating an English text, the translator must fully and accurately convey the author's idea, putting it in the form inherent in the Uzbek scientific style and not transferring the specific features of the English original into the Uzbek text. The English text is dominated by personal verb forms, while the Uzbek scientific style is more characterized by impersonal or vaguely personal turns.

In English texts of a descriptive nature, the future tense is often used to Express an ordinary action. Based on the context, you should translate such sentences not in the future, but in the present tense. In English scientific texts, passive verbs are especially common, while in Uzbek the passive voice is used much less frequently. When translating, therefore, it is necessary to resort to replacing passive constructions with other means of expression more typical of the Uzbek language.

As a result of research of the scientific text, we can conclude that the main stylistic feature of such a text is an accurate and clear presentation of the material in the complete absence of expressive elements that give speech emotional saturation. In scientific literature, metaphors, metonymic transpositions, and other stylistic figures that are widely used in works of art are almost absent. For all its stylistic distance from the living spoken language, the scientific and technical text includes a number of more or less neutral phraseological combinations of a technical nature. The main requirements that scientific and technical translation must meet are:

• •    accuracy – all provisions interpreted in the original must be translated.

• •    conciseness – all provisions of the original must be stated concisely and concisely;

• •    clarity – conciseness and conciseness of the translation language should not interfere with the presentation of the vocabulary, its understanding;

• •    literariness – the translation text must meet the generally accepted norms of the literary language, without using syntactic constructions of the original language. The translation of a scientific text must correctly convey the meaning of the original in a form that

is as close as possible to the original. Deviations must be justified by the peculiarities of the Uzbek language and the requirements of the style. The translation as a whole should not be either a literal or a free retelling of the original, although elements of both are necessarily present. It is important not to lose essential information of the original.