The subject of cognition in the context of the historical reconstruction

The article is devoted to the discussion of contemporary historical cognition, where in the context of historical reconstruction is solved the dilemma of either historical knowledge should be no less objective than natural sciences, or subjectivity should be quite acceptable in historical science. The article analyzes the problem in the framework of historical and scientific studies of the results of historical reconstruction, defines the positions of representatives of presentism, antiquarism and postmodernism. The results show that modern social and cultural situation offers a challenge to the identity of individuals, adequately responding to which they can improve their versatile abilities and form a more multifaceted view of the world. However, this will require from individuals to be more active than in the previous eras - a modern person must himself choose: how, on what basis and what elements he will use to design his "I" and his identity and how he will arrange the labyrinth in which he is going to wander. In the context of the philosophy of history such changes have greatly influenced the interpretation of the specificity of a subject of historical cognition: in the light of globalization and planetary integration today there is a struggle of "universal history" and " individualized history "; and "large-scale radial variation" of specifications of "histories" according to the degree of their "individualization" comes from the history of a personality (almost biography), group, nation and state to the history of mankind in general. In the context of this situation, the notion of identity and the sense that it gives to the modern interpretation of a subject of historical cognition becomes especially topical.