Systematic Analysis of Virtual Reality & Augmented Reality

Published Online February 2021 in MECS

Virtual Reality (VR) is characterized as the utilization of computer innovation to form a simulated environment [1]. After you see VR, you are watching a distinctive reality than the one before you. Virtual reality may be artificial, such as an enlivened scene, or a real put that has been shot and included in a virtual reality app.

Augmented reality is characterized as an improved form of reality made by the utilization of innovation to include computerized data on a picture of something [2]. AR is utilized in apps for smartphones and tablets. AR apps utilize your phone's camera to appear you a set of the real world before you, at that point put a layer of data, counting the content and/or pictures, on top of that view.

The idea of augmented reality (AR) first applied in mid-1980 by Jaron Lanier, who was the planner of VPL Research [3]. He started to build equipment based on the computer-generated reality such as goggles and gloves. Indeed, even before that, nevertheless, scientists were making recreated conditions. One accomplishment was the Sensorama in 1956. Another researcher named Morton Heilig was involved in the research of the perception that how the user will feel that he is in the movie during the watching [4]. The Sensorama experience reinvented a genuine city condition, which you "rode" through on a cruiser. Multisensory stimulation lets you realize the street, feel the vibration, hear the motor, and smell the engine's fumes in the structured "world".

Heilig also protected a head-mounted showcase device, called the Telesphere Mask, in 1960. This work expended further and in 1965 Ivan Sutherland developed "the Ultimate Display," a head-mounted device that he proposed would fill in as a "window into a virtual world [5]." VR/AR research rapidly developed in the 1970s and 1980s. In the mid-1980s at NASA Ames Research Center, the Virtual Interface Environment Workstation (VIEW) framework consolidated a head-mounted gadget with gloves to empower the haptic connection.

The present life pattern of augmented reality may have started when the most punctual models of the Oculus Rift appeared at the E3 videogame public expo in 2012; however, it's been licking at the edges of our aggregate cognizance for over a century [6]. Immersing ourselves in 3D situations dates right back to the stereoscopes that enraptured individuals' minds in the nineteenth century. On the off chance that you present a practically indistinguishable picture to each eye, your cerebrum will consolidate them and discover profundity in their errors; it's a similar component ViewMasters used to turn into a youth staple. Fig. 1 provided facts of evolution of VR/AR technology from start to till now [19].

The users of non-development countries are still using old 2D screens for watching videos. 3D devices are costly for common users, however, 3D videos increase the user experience, enjoyment, and satisfaction level of users when they play games or watch videos. Further, VR increases the user experience when 3D videos were played or viewed on VR devices. The AR also increases the enjoyment when the developer/user adds new things in videos or games. Still, AR in the development phase, and future technologies were common for all users.

Virtuality, the first mass-produced VR arcade

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First Oculus Rift prototype

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Virtual Boy

Samsung Gear

VR released.

Facebook support Vj 360° video

Google Cardboard released, Facebook buys Oculus VR, Sony announces Gear VR

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Fig. 1. Evolution of VR/AR technology

• A.    Stereoscopic Display

The stereoscopic display is essential for VR filmmaking. This technique is referred for making a sense of depth for an image that creates each eye focus in harmony. The word originates from the Greek word στερεός (stereos), which means “solid” and σκοπέω (skopeō), meaning “to see.”

The vision system of humans is based on the merging of two viewpoints from the left and right eye–into a single image. To control, dimension, distance, and speed the multiple zone input of eyes allows the brain to execute computations. Similarly, to increase watching experience with multiple dimensions and depth to give information to each eye, the stereoscopic video is designed. Fig. 2 shows view of anaglyph and polarized 3D glasses [7].

Fig. 2. View of anaglyph and polarized 3D glasses

• B.    Tracking Motion

Tracking the user of the head, and even their whole body, permits them to be put inside the 3D designs, and this implies they can encounter certifiable special awareness because of right review parallax and change of point of view during development [8].

• C.    Input Devices

Input devices are mostly used in joysticks, Tracking balls, force balls, data gloves, track pads.

• D.    Virtual Reality Headset

A (VR) Headset is a head-mounted device that gives virtual reality to the wearer. Virtual reality (VR) headsets are mainly used with computer games yet they are also used in different applications including test systems and coaches [9].

• E.    Virtual Reality Types

• 2.    Difference Between Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality

There are three fundamental sorts of Virtual reality utilized nowadays to change our general surroundings, including non-immersive, semi-immersive, and fully-immersive simulations. To show signs of improvement comprehension of how the innovation is utilized, how about we separate the various sorts of VR and see instances of each [10].

The paper will address the topic of VR and AR, the start of art, definitions, and how VR and VR are providing the experience of viewing videos the same as the real world. Further, we provide details of the difference between them, challenges to design according to user needs, limitations. Finally, we provide open research for future research direction, which will never be discussed.

This paper is organized into

The term Virtual reality and augmented reality, they sound similar and if you see their technologies develop, they seem over into each other a bit. They are two very different technologies and their concepts with the help of characteristics that readily distinguish them from one another [11]. Figure 3 show the VR is complete digital environment and AR real world scene presented with addition of digital information, illusion is given Fig.3 [20].

Fig. 3. Presentation of AR and VR to audience

A lot of transformative technologies keep coming and our lifestyle changes our daily routine. With such capacities, we can see that VR and AR are holding the power to change the future of facing world challenges. They are going to change the way we look at the world. These technologies are changing many of the current means of entertainment so it is the most basic condition that we should be able to separate them. A comparison of features and differences are given in Table 1.

Table 1. Difference between AR and VR

	AR	VR
Photo Real	No	No
3D Asset Type	Low/Medium Poly	Low/Medium Poly
Primary User	Consumers	Consumers
Ideal Channel	Online	In-Store
Expected ROI	Increased Conversions	Increased Brand Image
Investment Cost	Medium	High
Top Use Case(s)	Visualizing virtual world products in a real environment	Immersive virtual shop experiences

• A.    VR:

• •    Where VR is replacing our vision.

• •    VR is considered as a complete imagination experience that shut out the physical world.

• •    Users can move from the real world to a virtual imagination environment by wearing a special headset. These headset devices are HTC Vive, Oculus Rift, or Google cardboard, which is very expensive [12].

• •    For both games and apps, VR completely changed our surrounding environment and take us to other places. Where we are physically it doesn’t matter.

• •    VR is 25% real and 75% virtual.

• •    By using VR technology users are completely secluded from the real world and enter him into the imagination or fictional world.

• B.    AR:

• •    Augmented reality adds to it

• •    On the other hand, augmented reality ads 3-D digital elements or objects to our live view means in the real world.

• •    Augmented reality used the camera on my smartphone to add or place an object for example augmented reality and experiences include Snapchat lenses and filters and the game Pokémon Go, which we had already discussed [13].

• •    This tech has a distinct disadvantage compared with virtual reality because augmented reality apps only show up on users' smartphone or tablet screen and can only project images in a limited area in front of his eyes.

• •    AR is 25% virtual and 75% real.

• 3.    Advantages and Disadvantages

• 4.    The Future of VR and AR

Also, Augmented Reality has so many advantages like anybody can learn individually and increase their innovation and improvement in every wide variety of fields and help creators to develop games that offer a real experience to the use. Despite many advantages, there are also many disadvantages like it is very expensive to implement and develop the AR technology-based project and maintain it because of lack of privacy issues is also a major drawback in the AR technology.

What this is for is an inquiry that does not have a solitary answer. The simplest yet least fulfilling reaction is that it is for everything. Past games and other intuitive amusement, VR shows promising applications for relief from discomfort and PTSD, for instruction and plan, for both working from home and office work [14]. On account of “encapsulated nearness” you involve a symbol in virtual space, social VR is not simply more vivid than any carefully interceded correspondence we have at any point experienced, however all the more influencing also. The encounters we have, from our responses to our environmental factors to the nature of our communications, are put away and recovered in our cerebrums like some other experiential memory.

That may wind up originating from Apple; the Cupertino organization is busy working on a headset that could dispatch as ahead of schedule as 2020. Be that as it may, staggeringly all around supported and much more unimaginably mysterious organization Magic Leap has as of late rose up out of long stretches of watched advancement to dispatch the primary designer just form of its AR headset; the organization has said its gadget would have the option to convey conventional VR just as a multi-dimensional image-driven blended reality.

When AR finds a convincing, full-included stage, and it turns out to be evident that an immense number of customers are turning out to be AR capable, the capability of AR will start to be completely figured out. Each industry from education to architecture, military training, Sports, and selling business will profit by accepting AR [15].

• •    E-Commerce: In the future, several organizations will add AR features into mobile apps on their websites. In retail, this will result in applications that seamlessly “clothe” a user in footwear, jewelry, jackets, and sunglasses via the camera in the person’s smartphone.

• •    Digital Marketing: AR innovations will keep on improving how clients engage in with brands. Promoting AR will probably be found in Wrapping, Interactions with different items, through gaming applications, and street signs.

• •    Geo-location: The capacity of cell phones to illuminate us regarding our environmental factors is extraordinarily enhanced over time. AR could assistance everything from ongoing tourism warnings to café recommendations.

• •    Educational Resources: Researchers are as of now endeavoring to discover new and useful approaches to utilize AR in preparing circumstances. The military and medicinal services enterprises, specifically, are emerging powerful AR training simulations.

• 5.    Open Research Issues:

• A.    User protection

Due to the nature of headset physical protection of end-user required if it depends on the real-time sensory feedback user will stop walking on the walls or neglect to perceive key threats in their prompt environmental factors [16]. In this regard, some resolutions are suggested including using a circular walking arc however; it still needs to require more research to efficient.

• B.    Pornographic content

How to avoid pornography is a big issue in the usage of VR/AR technologies [17]. This is also evidence that extreme publicity to pornography could influence harmful behavior toward women. If clients increase the usage of pornographic content in a new realistic environment with a first-person style of interaction, what effects could that have on violent crime? This will be a big problem if virtual sex contents simulated real-world persons and this is an illegal act according to the real-world rules.

• C.    User isolation and social effects

A VR/AR gaming increase interest and attracts more users to play games, and this technology provides a more realistic environment to enjoy games so; users continue to play games [18, 21, 22]. In this situation, the user is isolated from the world and social distances will increase and also harmful for health. So there is also research work required to avoid this situation if the entire immersive world is available to explore then that will stop to happing this [23].

• D.    Real–world applications

• 6.    Conclusion

• 7.    Conflict of Interest

If the user is always using virtual content, then it will difficult for the user to return to the real world and act in the same way as they did before virtual experience. This will damage the social relationship of the user with the real world and also a certain type of insensitive interaction or violence. Research required avoiding situations happing before promote and further development of VR/AR [24].

Users now are moving from 2D to 3D video with VR devices, however, they face problems because heterogeneous VR devices of different organizations provide low and high user satisfaction sense of watching of videos [25, 26, 27]. The researchers did not use the quality of experience (QoE) assessment for VR devices using different parameters such as graphics quality, and the impact of network condition for online videos [28, 29, 30]. QoE assessment of VR videos was never considered for research purposes so still research work required assessing the user needs for AR videos, which will improve the user experience for AR technology [31, 32]. VR/AR gaming is also an emerging research area; there is a need for assessment of gaming quality from VR devices to get user requirements for the future development of VR devices [33, 34].

In this paper, we presented a systematic analysis of VR and AR, which will help researchers to recognize the difference between both technologies. A lot of research work has done on VR, and now it is mature, AR still under development phase and researcher combining both to develop mixed immersive. We believe that VR/AR and mixed immersive is the future of the new multimedia revolution, and this will be used in a different field in the future. The Table given in the paper provides details of comparison and advantages. Immersive technology will be promising business models for service providers in the future.