Chinese gymnastics Taiquan as an object of scientific research

The paper presents an analysis of Russian and foreign investigations (based on science metric databases Web of Science and SCOPUS) of Taijiquan, one of the schools within Chinese Wushu. It is relative paucity of work that has been done in Russia on analysing of Taijiquan, in contrast to the more than 300 international studies. It is concluded that the bulk of the work is aimed at studying the impact of Taijiquan lessons on physical qualities (31 %), as well as analysis of the effectiveness of Taijiquan exercises for the correction and prevention of disorders of the musculoskeletal system (22 %). Practicing Taijiquan not only improves the overall physical condition, but also helps prevent various diseases. Its application as concomitant or alternative therapy in the treatment of many diseases makes health aspects of Taijiquan more essential to explore. A phenomenological model of Taijiquan consists from psychophysiological, algorithmic, and linguistic units, which can serve as orthogonal description according to both traditional and European (sports) concepts. Psychophysiological component consists of two parts: somatic and regulatory. The previous unit is based on the obvious difference of patterns of skeletal muscle and patterns of a smooth (white) muscles and enteric nervous subsystem. Taijiquan movement patterns are organized in such a way that allows to carry out a training of conditioned defensive reflexes on the basis of unconditional reflexes of an enteric nervous subsystem. Regulatory unit is based on the representation of a set of reflexes of the enteric nervous system in the mentality of man as “energy”, as these reflexes are not displayed in the human mind directly. Thus, patterns set semantics, commonly referred to as «energy», determined by the specific reflection in the minds of the enteric nervous system reflexes. Algorithmic component describes a number of «shadow» movement patterns, a set of which, in fact, distinguishes Taijiquan from the «European» sports. This set is hierarchically ordered and isomorphic to the hierarchy of evolutionary movement patterns of human ancestors: the pattern of movement (swimming) invertebrate organisms in the aquatic environment; the pattern of movement (pushing) invertebrate organism in a dense environment; the pattern of movement of the snake crawling on the ground; the pattern of movement quadruped, where the displacement vector is parallel to the vertebral column. These patterns form the motor base and constantly present in motility Taijiquan (unlike sports). In addition, their presence in the practice of Taijiquan ensures the availability of the resource states of the human body through access to evolutionarily ancient archetypes. Linguistic component represents psychophysiological and algorithmic components. Development of linguistic components has created a procedure for effective explanations and exercise patterns of Taijiquan.