Techniques how to develop problem solution essay writing

МЕТОДЫ НАПИСАНИЯ ЭССЕ O РЕШЕНИЕ ПРОБЛЕМ

Ходжакулова Наргиза Хосияткуловна. , Университет узбекского языка и литературы имени Алишера Навои, г.

Ташкент, Узбекистан,

I would like to start this article with an interesting quote “Every problem has a solution. You just have to be creative enough to find it.” Travis Kalanick, or another one “If you define the problem correctly, you almost have the solution.” Steve Jobs. These quotes claim that each problem has its solution but the one should be clever enough to find it.

In this article problem and solution essay will be discussed. Essays providing solutions to problems are normally written in a formal or semi-formal style, depending on who is going to read them and where they are published. They are usually found in newspapers and magazines. One of the essential problem in writing problem solution essay is lack of knowledge and practice in writing such type of the essay.1

Virginia Evans explains in her book Successful Writing “Essays providing solutions to problems are pieces of writing in which you discuss a problem and its causes as well as the expected results or consequences of your suggestions. An essay providing solutions to problems should consist of:

• a)    an introduction in which you state the problem and/or what has caused it;

• b)    a main body which consists of two or more paragraphs presenting suggestions and their results/consequences. You should start a new paragraph for each suggestion and its results/consequences; and

• c)    a conclusion in which you summarise your opinion.

There are 3 types of problem and solution essays.

Here I would like to show some examples for different types of PSE (problem solution essay) and its structure in Diagram 1. But we will not analyse all types of PSE. Example 1. Influence of human beings on the world's ecosystem is leading to the extinction of species and loss of bio-diversity. What are the primary causes of loss of bio-diversity? What solutions can you suggest?

Example 2. Global warming is one of the biggest threats humans face in the 21st century and sea levels are continuing to rise at alarming rates. What problems are associated with this and what are some possible solutions.

Example 3. Today more people are overweight than ever before. What in your opinion are the primary causes of this? What measures can be taken to overcome this epidemic?

Diagram 1

Types of PSE

Type 2. PROBLEM/ISSUE (Problems/ Consequences + Solutions):

Type 3.

PROBLEM/ISSUE (Causes + Consequences/ Effects):

To find solution, I usually to implement one interesting technique at my lessons. It is a fish bone. (Diagram 2)

Basically, causes & solutions essay is one of the most common question types in writing task. This question asks you to DESCRIBE CAUSES and PROPOSE SOLUTIONS FOR A GIVEN PROBLEM.

Producing ideas

INFLUENCE OF HUMAN BEINGS ON THE WORLD'S ECOSYSTEM IS LEADING TO THE EXTINCTION OF SPECIES AND LOSS OF BIO-DIVERSITY.

WHAT ARE THE PRIMARY CAUSES OF LOSS OF BIO-DIVERSITY?

WHAT SOLUTIONS CAN YOU SUGGEST?

Of course, the topics for causes & solutions essay may vary, but the ANSWERING STRATEGY is PRETTY MUCH THE SAME FOR ALL ESSAYS OF CAUSES/SOLUTIONS TYPE.

Producing ideas

To produce ideas for causes and solutions essay, you have to determine 4 things :

> Problem

> Causes of this problem

> Solutions to this problem

> Outcomes

Technique 1. Using FISH BONE method to find a problem, causes of this problem; solutions to this problem in this essay? Use a fish bone. (Diagram 3)

The importance of transitions and useful language

To make suggestions:

❖ A useful suggestion would be to...

❖ Another solution......

• ❖    ..... could be solved by......

• ❖    Steps/Measures should be taken in order to solve/deal with ....

• ❖    Another way to.....is/would be to.....

• ❖    The situation could be improved if /by ..

• ❖    It would be a good idea if/to ...

• ❖    It would help if you/we/etc..

To present results and consequences:

❖ This would ..

• ❖    If ..., the result would be...

• ❖    The effect/consequence/result of ...would be .

• ❖    In this way,....

This is the structure of CAUSE and Effect essay