Technical and Economic Analysis of a Charging Unit for a Cryogenic Energy Accumulator Operating on the Kapitsa Cycle

This article presents a technical and economic analysis of a charging unit for a cryogenic energy accumulator operating on the Kapitsa cycle. The study includes thermodynamic modeling of the unit, an assessment of its energy effi ciency, and an economic feasibility study. The authors examine the Kapitsa cycle, traditionally classifi ed as a low-pressure system, and demonstrate that optimal operating parameters are achieved at pressures of approximately 12 bar. This is supported by calculations demonstrating improved energy effi ciency and economic benefi ts at elevated pressures. Key fi ndings include a determination of specifi c energy consumption of 0.68 kW h/kg and an estimate of capital investment in the equipment. The optimal plant confi guration, with parameters M = 0.85 (the proportion of air directed to the turboexpander) and a pressure of 12 bar, provides a balance between energy consumption (5.788 kW) and equipment cost ($22,559,000). The study utilized mathematical models to calculate heat balances, compressor and expander operation, and to estimate the cost of the plant components. The results are presented as graphs of power consumption and cost versus pressure, as well as a Pareto frontier for identifying optimal confi gurations. The study is based on modern scientifi c publications and analytical methods, ensuring its scientifi c signifi cance and practical applicability. The results may be useful to cryogenic system developers and energy specialists.