The technogenic pollution of soils by underspoil waters in the area of coal mining

Pollution of dark grey forest soils with underspoil waters in the area of hard coal extraction in territory of Western Siberia is studied. Manmade streams are formed under multiyear bulk and host rocks, are spread in streambeds, affect the environment. For the first time the change in the chemical composition of coastal soils along the watercourse is shown. The role of hydromineral formation, freshwater algae, mosses, cattails, willows in sorption of metals and nonmetals is proved that promotes their local removal from water. At the source, algae act as powerful "aquafilters", in the watercourse and the mouth geo- and phyto-barriers carry out active water treatment. Subalkali conditions promote the formation of mineral barriers. The attention is accented on the selectivity of absorption of chemical elements by plants. The algal biomass showed maximum content of Ni and Zn, in mosses - Sr. In willow leaves high content of Zn, Sr is revealed, but it is less than in the lower plants. Cattail roots accumulate significant amount of Fe, Cu, Mg, Ca, Zn, but especially Ni and Zn, leavesmainly K, Mn, Ge, Br. High accumulation of heavy metals by plants limits their entry in soil, however level of soil pollution with Ni and Zn near the source remains the highest. It is established that, despite the polymetallic pollution of soils, azotobacter retains widespread occurrence. At the stream source the growth rate of a bacterium in soil is minimal. Slowdown of azotobacter growth is observed in the experiment with addition of technogenic water in control soil. In either case intensive production of brown exometalbolites by azotobacter is registered. With distance from the source the growth rate of a bacterium not only reaches control value, but even slightly exceeds it. This environmental strategy of azotobacter population growth in the area of anthracite extraction provides its participation in replenishment of soils by biogenic nitrogen. Adaptive-physiological variability of the azotobacter population at technogenic pollution of soils is caused by the realization of hereditary potentialities. The authors consider that natural population of a bacterium of dark grey forest soil is evolutionally adapted for the presence of high concentrations of metals and notmetals contained in litozeme of anthracite deposits. The information on the growth of azotobacter in coastal soil, as well as on the chemical composition of hydrobiota is extremely important for the assessment of the quality of fertile soils and meadow lands near the coal piles. The obtained material is of great value for solving strategic and tactical problems in complex environmental monitoring of watercourses and soils of natural-anthropogenic landscapes.