Technological aspects of manufacturing composite slotted tools: experimental modeling and slot shape analysis

This article discusses the technology of manufacturing composite slotted tools, specifically focusing on slot production. The research was aimed at identifying the factors which influenced the dependence between slot shape, tool type, and movement direction. Previously, small size of slots and inability to obtain cross-sections of intact tools complicated slot shape studies. Implementation of 3D scanning has made it possible to produce cross-sections and analyze the morphology without damaging the artifacts. The research involved two stages: experimental modeling and slot shape analysis using 3D technologies. Experiments were conducted on horn blanks with microblades, microburin, and micro-perforator made of dark-colored silicites, involving both unidirectional and bidirectional slot incisions. 3D scanning and modeling were employed for slot analysis, making it possible to create cross-sectional series and take metric measurements. The analysis revealed that unidirectional movements with microblades and microburin produced V-shaped slot profiles, whereas bidirectional movements led to shape changes from W-shaped to U-shaped. Tool breakage also affected slot profiles, increasing the width of slot bottom (U-shaped cross-section) and breaking wall symmetry. Slot shape was found to vary along its length depending on tool type and condition of the working edge. Experiments also revealed the influence of tool position in the slot on cross-sectional symmetry/asymmetry and slot width. The wall which was in contact with the ventral side of the tool was straighter and smoother than the opposite wall. These and other observations require further experimental verification and a larger series of experiments.