Technological aspects of grain hacking before feeding animals and birds

On the issues of animal feeding, the greatest difficulties currently arise due to the shortcomings of processing grain with a strong shell. During the feeding the sharp particles and needle-shaped awns of the grain cause damage to the gastrointestinal tract of animal, reducing their growth and development, and often leading to their death. This primarily concerns to the coarse grains of barley, oats, corn and white lupine seeds, which have seed coats that have become a part of the kernel. The main task of technological operations for preparing such grain is to remove poorly digestible casings from the kernel. Traditional technologies of crushing grain to obtain crumbs of various sizes do not eliminate this disadvantage in feeding calves, piglets and chickens. This is achieved by hulling the grain. Shelled grain is the main component of compound feed preparation, its mass fraction is from 35 to 70% in the ration. The effect in feeding pigs is expressed in increasing average daily weight up to 30%, and calves - up to 20% in comparison with feeding rations without grain hulling. The most common methods of hulling grain under the influence of compression and shear, multiple or single impacts on a hard surface, as well as intensive abrasion of the shell by the rough surface of the working organs of the hulling machine. All of them are not without disadvantages in terms of the quality of the operation and energy consumption, and their use in small farms is unprofitable. The elimination of these disadvantages is proposed by improving the operation of the hulling machine, preliminary moisture-thermal processing of grain before hulling