Technological qualities of sugar beet root crops at different sowing periods

The purpose of the research was to identify the patterns of changes in the productivity and technological qualities of sugar beet depending on the timing of sowing in the conditions of the Central Cis-Urals. In 2015-2018, field experiments were conducted on experimental fields of the Bashkir State Agrarian University (Ufa district of the Republic of Bashkortostan). The object of the researches was a hybrid of sugar beet Heracles (Syngenta). In the experiment, seven sowing dates were studied: April, 30; May, 7; May, 14; May, 21; May, 28; June, 4; June, 11. Sowing was carried out every 7 days. Cultivated area made 378 m2. Experimental plots were represented by leached chernozem. The pH in these soils was close to neutral. Fertilizers were added for the planned yield of 350 c/hectare. Nitrogen was introduced before sowing. Phosphorus and potassium - in the fall under plowing. Humus was in the range of 8.8 %, phosphorus - 112 mg/kg, nitrogen 124 mg/kg, potassium 177 mg/kg. The predecessor of sugar beet in the experiments was winter rye. Sugar content was determined by a saccharimeter-polarimeter. To determine the sugar content of root crops, the method of cold water digerization was used. Stanek and Pavlas' method was used to determine alpha-amine nitrogen. The content of sodium and potassium was determined by Silin's method. As a result of the research, the regularities of changes in the yield and technological qualities of sugar beet root crops at different calendar dates of sowing were determined. The optimum term of crops of sugar beet in the conditions of the Central Cis-Urals (the 1st decade of May) would allow receiving high productivity of root crops with high technological qualities was revealed.