Technological properties of winter barley grain depending on the water security of the year and mineral nutrition

The work is devoted to the determination of the influence of various doses of mineral fertilizers on photosynthetic activity, yield and technological properties of winter barley grain. The experiments were carried out in the conditions of ZAO NP "Chegem" in the foothill zone of Kabardino-Balkaria in 2017-2019. We studied varieties of winter barley - Mikhailo, Kozyr with a seeding rate of 5,0 million germinable seeds per hectare. It has been established that the accumulation of dry matter occurs with an increasing increase in the doses of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers. The introduction of an additional dose of phosphorus and potassium does not lead to an increase in dry mass, however, even here more dry mass is observed than in the variant without fertilizers - control. Consideration of the results of accounting for the yield of barley grain by years of research showed that with a good moisture supply of the soil, nitrogen fertilization played a positive role. The yield increase relative to other years was 10-12% per hectare. In years with increased air temperature and lower soil moisture, the effectiveness of fertilizers significantly decreased. As well as the elements of productivity, so the productivity of winter barley in all variants was higher in favorable years. Comparison of the studied varieties gives us reason to believe that the Mikhailo variety is significantly superior to the Kozyr variety in terms of productivity. It has been determined that with better moisture supply, plants, developing a large vegetative mass and forming a large grain yield, require more nutrients, therefore they lack nitrogen and produce grain with a reduced protein content. Taking into account the indicators of filminess, grain color, extract and protein content in the grain, it can be concluded that in wet years, when the hydrothermal coefficient during the growing season of plants is higher, the introduction of nitrogen into the soil, together with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, provides an increase in productivity and a significant improvement grain quality that meets the requirements for brewing. Comparison of two varieties of winter barley in terms of technological properties of grain shows that variety Mikhailo is characterized by the best performance.